APUSH Unit 6 Terms

Agricultural Adjustment Act

taxed food processors to pay farmers

Atlantic Charter Conference

FDR meets with Brit Prime minister to discuss, post war, disarmament and self-determination

Banking Act of 1933

separated types of banks into commercial and investment banks

Cash and Carry

FDR, allies can buy weapons as long as they pick them up

Court Packing Scheme

FDR wanted to have 15 justices, denied

Dust Bowl

drought + erosion

Emergency Banking Relief Bill

restored confidence in bank, governement takes control of mismanaged banks

federal budget defecit

cost of government programs, goes up during FDR

fireside chats

public broadcasts used by FDR to inform public via radio of new deal policies

1st New Deal

FDR bills, towards relief, recovery and reform, control industry, and help banking

Good Neighbor Policy

repeals Platt Amendment promises Latin America that US will not directly interfere

Great Depression

stock market crashes → jobs lost →poverty

Hiroshima/Nagasaki

sites where US dropped atomic bombs

Internment of Japanese Americans

110,000 forced into internment camps, fear of espionage

Korematsu v United States

Supreme Court rules civil liberties may be violated in times of war

Lead-Lease Act

allowed the selling of weapons to England, made US less neutral

New Deal Coalition

FDRs supporters made of union members, city dwellers, urban poor, and blacks

Manhattan Project

Oppenheimer and development of atomic bomb

Nye Commission

Gerald Nye exposes arms dealers bribing US into war and selling to fascists

Postdam Conference

final conference post WWII discussed post war Germany and the atomic bomb

Rationing

gov limits food

Sick Chicken Case

US sues poultry company for selling sick chickens, allowed regulation of prices and safety

Social Security Administration

provided retirement benefits to workers

Tehran Conference

first meeting of Big Three: FDR, Churchill, and Stalin

Second New Deal

welfare state, Emergency Relief Appropriation Act, Works Progress Administration, Social Security Act

Unite States v Butler

rules Agricultural Adjustment Act unconstitutional, power belonged to the states

Wagner Act

protects right to unionize

War Labor Dispute Act

allows US to seize war plants, Smith-Conally Anti-Strike Act

The Arabic

British ship with Americans sunk, winston remains neutral

Article X

League of Nations covenant rejected by Congress because it made declaring war harder → refusal to ratify the treaty

Aschan School

realist painters in new york

Ballinger-Pinchot affair

smudges Taft’s reputation as progressive as he sides with Ballinger who wanted to open federal land for corporations

Ballot Initiative

allows citizens to propose laws

Clayton Antitrust Act

establishes Federal Trade Commission, protects unions, investigates corporations

Commission of Public INformation

Voluntary censorship, used anti-german propaganda

18th amendment

prohibits sale of alcohol

Espionage Act of 1917

Schneck v US prohibits the use of mail to encourage dodging the draft

Federal Reserve Act of 1917

Wilson believes Banks serve stock market, →Federal Banks created in response to the Panic of 1907

Fourteen Points

speech by Wilson, League of Nations, end colonialism, but Europe wants to punish Germany → Treaty of Versailles

Great Migration

blacks out of debt → move to northern cities

Labor Acts of 1915-1916

(La Follette Seaman Act)safety/wages for sailors,(Adamson Act) 8 hour workday+ overtime pay,(Keating Owen CHild Labor Act) child labor shipments illegal → Supreme Court rules as unconstitutional since it interferes with state power

Lustania

ship with Americans blown up by Germans pushes US towards war

Major Strikes after WW1

Bostonian Police Unionize → fire, AFL fail organize steel inudstyr, United Mine Workers gain minor wage increases

Muckrakers

journalists who expose corruption, exL Ida Barbell

Muller v Oregon

limit women 10 hour workday

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

black intellectuals for anti discrimination and anti lynching

New Freedom

Wilson’s new ideas to restore competition and regulate corporations

19th Amendment

women’s suffrage

Prohibtion

no alcohol → nobody enforces it → mafia

Protectionism

use of tariffs to prevent the sale of foreign goods

Palmer Raids

red scare → gov raids houses and deports

Radio

1906 invented, Wilson 1st president to use radio

WWI Entry

Zimmerman telegram: Mexico should attack US signed Germany, Germany had also used submarines to attack ships

Red Scare

bomb mail + Bolshevik Revolution → anti communist

Reservationists

did not like Article X, Henry Cabot Lodge, Republicans

Robert LaFollette

progressive wanted railroad regulation and ran in Progressive Party,

Roosevelt Corolory

new monroe doctrine, established control over Latin America

Suco + Vanzetti

Italian immigrants unfairly tried for murder → executed, reflected immigrant views in America

Schneck v United States

upheld Espionage Act, Shneck used mail to promote draft resistance

17th Amendment

2 senators are elected by population

Theodore Roosevelt

Progressive, Imperialist, wanted parks, facilitated Russo-Jap talks

Treaty of Versailles

blame Germany → WWII

US during WWI

Wilson uses Hoover to be in charge of food

Upton Sinclair

novelist/Socialist, wrote the *the Jungle* outlines evil of capitalism

War Industry Board

coordinated agricultural production in US

Watchful Waiting and Mexican Intervention

US will not enter into a treaty with someone who takes power by force until intentions are made public

welfare capitalism

business takes care of needs

William Howard Taft

president, dollar diplomacy, pushed for national income tax(16th amendment)

Wilson + Henry Cabot Lodge

US does not join league of nations due to Article X

Wilson’s Declaration of Neutrality

1st reaction to WWI by Wilson

William Jennings Bryan

Dem, “Cross of Gold Speech, weaken Northern banking, opposes Darwinism

Woodrow Wilson

Dem, progressive ideas, business regulation, 14 points

Women/Minorities in WWII

women were clerks, blacks fought in segregated unit

1932 Presidential Election

Hoover v FDR, Hoover unpopular due to Great Depression loses

Assembly Line Production

sped up production, repetitive and dangerous, automobiles/Henry Ford

Automobile

steel, electric gas industries → paved roads and jobs

Bonus Expeditionary Force

veterans who wanted benefits → camp at DC → Hoover burns camps

Calvin Coolidge

pro business president

Creationism

belief in the literal teaching of the Bible in opposition to Darwinism

Dawes Plan

debt restructuring of Germany, → America gives loans → Great Depression

Emergency Quota Act

limited immigration to better the economy

Harlem Renaissance

black intellectuals and artists create jazz and new literature

Hawley-Smoot Tariff

highest tariff in attempt to strengthen economy but did opposite

Henry Ford

model T, mass production/assembly line, welfare capitalism

Herbert Hoover

Rep, pro business, lackluster policies

Hoover-Stimson Doctrine

told Japan to keep the US in China after its movement into Manchuria

Industrial Changes in 1920s

electricity, new management strategies for research

isolationism

no involvement/conflict outside borders

the jazz singer

first *talkie* film, with words and dialogue

KKK in 1920’s

opposed to blacks, Catholics, and Jews, around 5 million members

Lost Generation

novelists such as F Scott Fitzegerald and Ernest Hemingway who moved to Europe

Marcus Garvey

Jamaican seperatist who pushed for a return to Africa

Reconstruction Finance Corporation

Hoover Loans money to railroads and financial institutions

living standard goes up

indoor plumbing, hot water, central heating

Shift in popular culture

movies, commericialism, sports

Black Tuesday/Stock Market Crash

banks closed and caused the crash

teapot dome scandal

cabinet memeber of warren G Harding arrested for fraud and oil reserves

Warrent G Harding

Rep, prod business, antilynching, civil rights

Washington Naval Conference

by Harding to reduce arms, led to naval reductions