Introduction to Land and Sea-Based Empires

Flashcards covering key concepts and events related to land and sea-based empires, their power structures, technological advancements, and religious dynamics.

What are the major gunpowder empires discussed in the notes?

The major gunpowder empires are the Ming, Qing, Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal empires.

What technological advancement did land-based empires use to expand their military power?

Gunpowder, which originated in China, was used by empires to enhance military capabilities.

Which empire is centered in modern-day Turkey?

The Ottoman Empire is centered in modern-day Turkey.

What significant religious division exists between the Ottoman and Safavid empires?

The Ottoman Empire is primarily Sunni, while the Safavid Empire is predominantly Shia, creating a Sunni-Shia split.

Who were the Janissaries in the Ottoman Empire?

Janissaries were Christian boys recruited through the Devshirme system to serve in the military and state administration, showing loyalty to the Sultan.

What was the main goal of the centralization of power in empires during this period?

The main goal was to take power away from local nobles and concentrate it in the hands of a central authority.

What system of taxation did the Mughals implement to promote religious tolerance?

The Mughals utilized the Zanibar tax system which allowed for religious toleration.

What was the millet system in the Ottoman Empire?

The millet system was an administrative practice that allowed different religious and ethnic groups to govern themselves and pay taxes based on their identity.

Who was Peter the Great, and what did he do to consolidate power?

Peter the Great was the ruler of Russia who centralized authority by enforcing a table of ranks, reshaping the aristocracy, and using his troops for loyalty.

What were some of the ways states legitimized their power through art and architecture?

States built monumental architecture, such as the Forbidden City, Versailles, and the Winter Palace, to display power and wealth.

What significant conflict arose in Europe during this period related to belief systems?

The Protestant Reformation led by Martin Luther sparked religious conflicts, particularly between Protestants and Catholics.

What principle did the table of ranks in Russia embody?

The principle of meritocracy, requiring individuals to prove their abilities to advance in the government.