BME 2200 T/F

blood pH is maintained at ~pH 7.4. this is equilibrium

False

mass balance is ACC=IN-OUT+GEN-CON. at a steady state = 0

True

total lung capacity includes residual volume

true

pressure inside lung exceeds atmospheric pressure, air flows in

false

elimination of drug A and drug B from blood follows zero-order kinetics, with half-lives 5 hours and 10 hours, elimination rate constant for drug B is greater than that of A

False

elimnation tracer c and tracer d from the stomach follows first-order kinetics, with half-lives of 5 hours and 10 hours. elimination rate constant, k, for C>D

true

lungs tidal volume is volume change of lung during normal breathing

true

air exchange between lung and blood mainly occurs in conducting zone

false

net rate of gas diffusion across respiratory membrane increases as an increase in gas solubility in the membrane and as a decrease in membrane thickness

true

diaphragm muscle moves up during inhalation

false

alveoli ventilation rate equals number of breaths per minute times tidal lung volume

false

breathing faster increases amount of O2 in blood and decreases amount of CO2 in blood

true

breathing faster increases blood pH

true

higher HCO3- concentration relative to H2COO- in the blood leads to lower blood pH

false

carbonic acid CH3COOH is weak acid, dissociates into CH3COO- and H+. its pKa is 5. accoridng to Henderson-Hasselbalch, concentration CH3COO- is equivalent to concentration of CH3COOH at pH 5.

true

intravenous injection of NaHCO3 can treat acidosis

True

digestive enzymes are rich in small intestine to facilitate conversions of large molecules to small subunits. the enzymes are mainly secreted from the liver

false

zymogens are proteins that secreted in an inactive form and converted to active enzyme at site of the function

true

folliwng reaction shows breakdown of sucrose into glucose and fructose: C12H22O11 + H2O —> C6H12O6 + C6H12O6. this is a hydrolysis reaction

true

small intestine includes three fragements: duodenum, jejunum, ileum. pH value of duodenum is th elowest

true

bqtch reactor model describeschemical rxn in a closed sytem, while plug-flow reactor model describes chemical reaciton in an open system

true

hematocrit is the percentage of rbc’s in total blood volume. endurance athletes often have high hematocrit levels and thereby have higher risk of heart attack.

true

for two pipelines with same length in parallel, volumetric flow rate in small pipeline is greater than that in big pipeline

false

local blood flow to a tissue is controlled by constriction and dilation of capillaries because the greatest overall resistance is provided by them, and they have muscular layers

false

aorta is compliant to allow for higher blood pressures while vena cava is stiff to facilitate rapid return of blood into the heart

false

left side of U shape tube includes 1 mM of NaCl while the right side of U includes 1 mM of glucose. two solutions are separated by semi-permeable membrane that is only permeable to water. water will flow from left to right side

false

during dehydraiton, osmotic pressure in blood vessel increases, resulting in decreased water flux from blood vessel into interstitial space

true

two valves in left ventricle are closed during isovolumetric contraction and isovolumetric relaxation of left ventricle

true

blood vessel changes diameter, decreasing from 4 to 2 mm, the resistance will increase by a factor of 16

true

biotransformation can result in drug activation, in activation, or formaiton of toxic metaolites

true

nutrients absorbed in the small intestine are transported to liver via hepatic vein

false

kidney is inefficien at excretion of lipid-soluable molecules, it aids in elimination by converting lipid-soluable molecules into more polar compounds, which are more easily excreted by the kidney

true

if drug A inhibits enzyme X and drug B is a substrate of this enzyme, co-administration may prolong circulation time of drug B, potentially leading to toxicty

true

filtraiton only occurs in glomerulus while secretion and reabsorption occurs in the loop of henle

false

kidney, renal plasma flow is always greater than glomerulus filtration rate GFR

true

glomerular filtration rate is always greater than clearance

false

increase in gloermular filtration pressure will result in higher GFR. increase in oncotic pressure of the plasma proteins reusults in higher GFr

false

all molecules that transport via primary or secondary active transport move against concentration gradients

true

loop of henle solutes leave tubule in descending limb and water leaves via ascending limb creating osmolarity gradient

false

ADH increase during hydration, promoting water reabsorption from collecting duct

true

elastic deformation occurs when strain is below the yield point, while strain beyond the yield point results in plastic deformation

true

aorta exhibits hystersis during systole and diastole because a poteion of energy is lost due to internal friction

true

fibronectin proteins provide bones with strength while elastin proteins provide the skin with elasticity

false

when a balloon inflates, its stratinm stress, strain energy, and the pressure inside the balloon all increase

false

our lung doesn’t collapse when epiglottis is open because chest wall provides elastic recoil, which provides fore pulling outward while the balloon-like properties of the lung is pulling inward

true

if two balloons of the same size but different materials are connected by a tubes, air will flow from the more compliant balloon to the stiffer one

false

during muscle movement, ADP is released when heads of thick filaments changes confirmation to move thine filaments

false

a thermistor uses Seebeck effect to convert temperature difference into an electrical voltage, whereas as thermocouple relies on materials whose electrical resistance changes with termperature

false

a strain gauge measures strain by detecting changes in resistance as the material deforms. the resistance usually increases when it is compressed

false

a oulse oximeter uses photodiodes to detect light absorption by oxygenated and deoxygenatd hemoglobin, while a digital thermometer uses pyroelectric materials that generate an electrical signal in response to temperature changes

true

in a galvanic cell, oxidation occurs at the cathode and reduction occurs at the anode

false

cells membrane potential is the charge on the outside of the cell relative to the inside of the cell

false

voltage-gated K+ channels are open during depolarization of action potential

false

neurons use chemical or electrical synapses to transfer electrical signals

true

lark oxygen sensors are potentiometric sensors

false

electromyogram (EMG) measures electrical activity of muscle cells in the heart

false

extinction coefficient of a molecule varies with wavelength

true

gamma rays have a higher energy than radio waves

true

tissue A has a half-life layer (HVL) of 5 cm, while tissue B has an HVL of 1 cm. given the same thickness, tissue A absorbs more x-rays thatn tissue B

false

in ultrasound imaging, bone has higher acoustic impedance than fluids, so bone creates bright echoes while fluids create dark echoes

true

in doppler ultrasound imaging, there is no signal if your probe is perpendicular to the blood vessel

true

MRI is well-suited for examining soft tissue anatomy, whereas CT is more effective for analyzing bone structures

true

in fluoro-deoxy-glucose (FDG), fluorine is the radioactive isotope and deoxy-glucose is the tracer compound

true

gamma-emitting radioactive isotopes are used in SPECT

true

for fluorophore, emission maximum peak wavelength is always longer than the excitation maximum peak wavelength

true

total internal reflection can occur when light travels from a medium with refractive index of 1.5 to another medium with an RI of 2.0

false.

in 3D imaging, larger voxels capture finer details, allowing for higher-resolution images.

false