APUSH 5.6-5.8

Quiz on Monday

Franklin Pierce

Nominated by Democrats in the Election of 1852. Safe choice for both northerners and southerners to like.

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Stephen A. Douglas proposed the Nebraska territory splits into Nebraska and Kansas. Said Southerners could expand slavery due to this being above the 36’30 line resulting in Northerners being upset over it.

Stephen A. Douglas

A senator from Illinois who proposed the Kansas-Nebraska act because he wanted to build a transcontinential railroad.

New England Emigrant Aid Company

Organized by Northern Abolitionists and Free-Soilers; paid for transportation of anti-slavery settlers to Kansas.

Bleeding Kansas

Nickname for Kansas due to constant fighting between proslavery and anti-slavery settlers there. 

Pottawatomic Creek

Where John Brown and his sons attacked a proslavery settlement in Kansas, killing five.

John Brown

Radical abolitionist who dragged his sons everywhere- killed five in Pottawatomic Creek and also tried to start an uprising of enslaved people in Virginia at Harper’s Ferry (captured and hanged as a result).

Sumner-Brooks Incident

Sumner criticized Democratic administration and Senator Andrew Butler. His nephew, Andrew Brooks physically attacked Sumner with a cane.

Enraged North, South applauded (sign of growing passion on both sides).

Know-Nothing Party

The party people joined when frightened by immigration; party began to be overshadowed by the issue of slavery and membership declined.

Republican Party

Former whigs who opposed slavery expansion, founded as reaction to Kansas-Nebraska Act. Opposed expansion of slavery in territories. 

It was sectional, typically in Northern territories.

John C. Fremont

Republican nominnee in election of 1856. He was an explorer known as a “pathfinder”.

Millard Fillimore

Former president also nominated for Election of 1586. A Know-Nothing that lost.

James Buchanan

Nominated by Democrats- winner of the Election of 1856.

Lecompton Constitution

Proslavery constitution for Kansas submitted by southern legislature at Lecompton- Buchanan not sure if he should accept or reject it.

It was overwhelmingly disliked.

Dred Scott v. Sanford

Dred Scott was a free black man who moved back to Missouri (put back into slavery) and sued for his freedom in Missouri. It reached the Supreme Court and Taney decided against Scott

(Another sign of increased sectionalism)

Roger Taney

Southern Democrat, Supreme Court Justice, and racist who decided against Dred Scott.

Lincoln-Douglas Debates

Stephen Douglas v. Abraham Lincoln for spot as Illinois senator- Lincoln delivered his famous “house divided” speech here that won him fame (framed slavery as a moral issue).

Freeport Doctrine

Lincoln challenged Douglas’ decision to reconcile popular soverignty w/ Dred Scott. Douglas said slavery could not exist in community if citizens can’t pass slave codes maintaining it. 

Secession

South leaves Union

Harper’s Ferry

Raid where John Brown attempted to attack federal arsenal and was hung as a result.

John C. Breckinridge

Southern Democrat nominated in Election of 1860 (last hope for compromise between North and South).

Constitutional Union Party

New party for former Whigs, Know-Nothings, anddd Democrats to enforce the Laws, Constitution, and most importantly conservation of the Union.

John Bell

From Tennessee he was the nominee for the Constitutional Union Party in the Election of 1860.

Border States

States inbetween the North and South: Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, and Missouri.

Crittenden Compromise

Senator Crittenden proposed amendment to guarantee right to hold slaves below 36’30 line. Lincoln did NOT accept the compromise.

Fort Sumter

In the harbor of Charleston, the South took control of this Fort. Lincoln let fort be permitted to hold out… or else they would open fire.. Well, the guns fired thus beginning the civil war on April 12, 1861. Afterwards, the south seceeded.

I’ve been here!

Second American Revolution

More commonly known as the Civil War.

Jefferson Davis

President of the confederacy, consistently tried to increase his executive powers, causing conflict between state and central gov. in Confederacy.

Alexander H. Stephens

Vice president of the confederacy, defended states’ rights in response to the acts of the central gov.

Winfield Scott

General-in-chief who devised three plans of strategy for winning the war, including the Anaconda Plan.

Anaconda Plan

Plan to use the U.S Navy to blockade southern ports so the South can’t access certain resources.

Bull Run

Union defeat that resulted in many more to come as they attempted campaigns into Virginia.

Thomas Jackson

Confederate general who sent reinforcements as a counterattack to Union Bull Run.

George B. Mclellan

Commander of Union army in the East, insisted armies train for a period rather than going straight into battle.

Controversial due to cautious tactics.

Robert E. Lee

Confederate general who brought ends to Mclellan’s campaigns.

Antietam

Turning point in the war. Creek where Union intercepted Confederates- over 22,000 soldiers killed or wounded.

Fredericksburg

Major Union loss in Virginia, led by reckless general Ambrose Burnside.

Moniter vs. Merrimac

Confederate ship, the “Merrimarc” attacked and sunk several union ships near Hampton. As a result, the Unions “Moniter” engaged in a five-hour duel, ending in a draw.

Ulysses S. Grant

Commanded campaign for Union control of Mississippi River; strategies opened MI to Union attack. Eventually he became the commander of all Union armies.

David Farragut

Led Union navy to capture New Orleans.

Trent Affair

Union ship captured two British diplomats and took them as prisoners of war- British threatened war and siding with confederacy but ultimately they did not.

“Alabama”

Confederate ship purcahsed from British that was eventually sunk by the Union.

Vicksburg

Siege of the heavily fortified city of Vicksburg, Mississippi by General Grant, Confederacy eventually surrendered.

Now that the Union has control of MI, TX, LA, and AR are separated from the rest of the Confederacy.

Gettysburg

Confederate army surprised Union in Gettysburg PA- bloodiest battle of the war- led to Confederate army being very harmed.

Sherman’s March

General William Sherman led 100,000 men on a campaign of deliberate destruction to the South which broke the spirit. of the Confederacy.

William Tecumseh Sherman

Led Sherman’s March

Tecumseh!

Appomattox Court House

This is where General Lee finally surrendered to Grant on April 9th, 1865, ending the Civil War.