Anatomy and Physiology: Bone Tissue

Vocabulary flashcards related to bone tissue.

Bone

An organ made up of bone, cartilage, dense connective tissue, adipose, and nervous tissue working together.

Functions of the Skeletal System

Provides support, protects internal organs, assists body movements, stores and releases minerals, participates in blood cell production, and stores triglycerides.

Diaphysis

The bone shaft or long, main portion of a long bone.

Epiphyses

The ends of the bone at the joints.

Metaphyses

Region between the diaphysis and epiphysis.

Periosteum

Connective tissue surrounding the diaphysis.

Medullary Cavity

Hollow space within the diaphysis.

Endosteum

Thin membrane lining the medullary cavity.

Osteoprogenitor Cells

Bone stem cells able to differentiate into other types of bone cells.

Osteoblasts

Bone-building cells that secrete matrix and initiate calcification.

Osteocytes

Mature bone cells.

Osteoclasts

Cells that remodel bones and cause them to release calcium; involved in bone resorption. Carve out bone

Ossification (Osteogenesis)

Process of bone formation.

Intramembranous Ossification

Occurs in flat bones when a connective tissue membrane is replaced by bone.

Endochondral Ossification

Replaces cartilage with bone in the developing embryo and fetus.

Fracture

Break in a bone.

Reactive Phase

Early inflammatory phase in bone fracture repair.

Reparative Phase

Includes formation of a fibrocartilaginous callus first and a bony callus second in bone fracture repair.

Bone Remodeling Phase

Last step in bone fracture repair as the bony callus is remodeled.

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)

Secreted by the parathyroid gland when calcium levels drop; stimulates osteoclasts to increase bone resorption.

Osteoporosis

Bone resorption outpaces formation, leading to decreased bone mass.

Rickets and Osteomalacia

Inadequate calcification of extracellular bone matrix, affecting children and adults.

Osteoarthritis

Degeneration of articular cartilage, leading to bone-on-bone friction.

Osteomyelitis

Infection of bone often caused by Staphylococcus aureus.

Osteopenia

Reduced bone mass below normal.

Osteosarcoma

Bone cancer that primarily affects osteoblasts.