AP US History - Social Movements

Flashcards about Social Movements in US History

Abolitionist Movement

Sought to eradicate slavery in the United States, gaining momentum in the early 19th century.

Frederick Douglass

A former slave and renowned orator who used his life story to highlight the brutality of slavery.

Harriet Tubman

Known as the 'Moses' of her people, she risked her life repeatedly to lead enslaved individuals to freedom via the Underground Railroad.

William Lloyd Garrison

Founder of The Liberator, an influential abolitionist newspaper that condemned slavery as a mortal sin.

Underground Railroad

A secret network of safe houses and routes that helped thousands of enslaved people escape to free states and Canada.

Legacy of Abolitionist Movement

Contributed to the Civil War by intensifying the national debate over slavery and paved the way for the 13th Amendment.

Women’s Suffrage Movement

Fought for the right to vote, culminating in the passage of the 19th Amendment in 1920.

Public Demonstrations (Suffrage)

Parades, protests, and pickets, such as the 1913 Women’s Suffrage Parade in Washington, D.C.

Legal Challenges (Suffrage)

Suffragists filed lawsuits to test voting laws and argue for constitutional rights.

State-Level Advocacy (Suffrage)

Focused efforts on passing voting rights at the state level before pursuing federal legislation.

Seneca Falls Convention

Convention in 1848 where Elizabeth Cady Stanton drafted the Declaration of Sentiments.

Impact of Suffrage Movement

Beyond voting rights, the movement advanced women's roles in public life and inspired future feminist movements.

Labor Movement

Sought fair wages, safe working conditions, and labor rights during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Knights of Labor

Advocated for an eight-hour workday and inclusive membership.

American Federation of Labor (AFL)

Focused on skilled workers’ rights, led by Samuel Gompers.

Haymarket Affair (1886)

A labor protest in Chicago turned violent, symbolizing the struggle for workers’ rights.

Pullman Strike (1894)

A nationwide railroad strike that ended with federal intervention.

Progressive Era Reform Movement

Addressed issues stemming from rapid industrialization, urbanization, and political corruption from the 1890s to the 1920s.

Regulation of Monopolies (Progressive Era)

Advocated for breaking up monopolistic corporations to promote fair competition.

Social Welfare (Progressive Era)

Addressed urban poverty, public health, and sanitation issues during the Progressive Era.

Significance of Progressive Era

Transformed the role of government in addressing economic and social issues and set the stage for New Deal policies.

Anti-War Movement (Vietnam War)

A broad coalition of activists, students, and citizens opposing U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War during the 1960s and 1970s.

Key Moments of Anti-War Movement

Massive protests, including the 1969 Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam, and violent clashes like the Kent State shootings.

Impact of Anti-War Movement

Public disapproval influenced U.S. policy, leading to troop withdrawal in 1973 and the end of the war in 1975.

Environmental Movement

Emerged in the mid-20th century, advocating for conservation and pollution control.

Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring (1962)

Brought attention to pesticide dangers and sparked public outrage, leading to the eventual ban of DDT in the U.S.

Earth Day (1970)

Mobilized millions to advocate for sustainability.

LGBTQ+ Rights Movement

Pushed for equal rights, representation, and societal acceptance of LGBTQ+ individuals.

The Stonewall Riots (1969)

Marked a pivotal moment in LGBTQ+ activism and symbolized resistance against systemic discrimination.

Pride Marches

Held in 1970 to commemorate the Stonewall uprising, emphasizing solidarity, visibility, and celebration of LGBTQ+ identities.

Obergefell v. Hodges (2015)

The U.S. Supreme Court decision legalized same-sex marriage nationwide.

Temperance Movement

A campaign aimed at reducing alcohol consumption, peaking with the 18th Amendment and Prohibition.

Native American Rights Movement

Gained momentum in the 1960s and 1970s, advocating for Native sovereignty, cultural perseverance, and land rights.

Achievements of Native American Rights

Led to policy changes like the Indian Self-Determination Act (1975) and marked a shift toward Native control over education, healthcare, and governance.

Populist Movement

Championed the rights of farmers and laborers in the late 19th century.

Bimetallism

Sought to introduce silver alongside gold as a basis for currency to increase the money supply and alleviate the debt burdens of farmers.

Railroad Regulation (Populist)

Farmers pushed for government oversight to counter exploitative practices by railroad companies.

Black Power Movement

Emerged in the 1960s and 1970s, emphasizing self-determination and pride in African American identity.

Chicano Movement

Addressed discrimination and cultural pride of Mexican Americans.

Disability Rights Movement

Sought equity and accessibility for individuals with disabilities, gaining traction in the 1970s.

Rehabilitation Act of 1973

Prohibited discrimination against individuals with disabilities in federally funded programs.

Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA, 1990)

Mandated accessibility in public spaces, workplaces, and transportation.

Anti-Apartheid Movement

A global campaign that opposed South Africa’s system of apartheid in the 20th century.