History

Geneva Accords

Agreements reached in 1954 that ended the First Indochina War and divided Vietnam into North and South Vietnam.

Mahatma Gandhi

Leader of the Indian independence movement against British rule, known for his nonviolent civil disobedience tactics.

Dunkerque

The evacuation of Allied soldiers from the beaches and harbor of Dunkirk, France, during World War II.

Suffragettes

Women who advocated for the right to vote, particularly in the early 20th century.

Marshall Plan

U.S. initiative to aid Western Europe after World War II to help rebuild economies and prevent the spread of communism.

Tet Offensive

Major campaign during the Vietnam War launched by the Viet Cong and North Vietnamese forces in 1968.

Perestroika

Policy of restructuring initiated by Mikhail Gorbachev in the Soviet Union to reform the political and economic system.

Iron Curtain

Term coined by Winston Churchill to describe the ideological division between communist Eastern Europe and Western Europe during the Cold War.

Nikita Khrushchev

Soviet leader after Stalin, known for his policy of de-Stalinization and the Cuban Missile Crisis.

Atomic Bomb

Powerful explosive weapon that uses nuclear reactions, famously used by the U.S. on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in World War II.

Imitation Democracy

A system that appears to be democratic but lacks essential features like free elections or civil liberties.

Hungarian Rebellion

Uprising in Hungary against Soviet influence in 1956 that was brutally suppressed by Soviet forces.

Proxy Wars

Conflicts where two opposing countries support combatants that serve their interests instead of fighting directly.

Appeasement

Policy of making concessions to an aggressor to avoid conflict, famously associated with British policy towards Nazi Germany before World War II.

Chernobyl

Site of a catastrophic nuclear accident in 1986 in Ukraine, considered the worst nuclear disaster in history.

Treaty of Versailles

Peace treaty that ended World War I and imposed harsh penalties on Germany, contributing to the conditions for World War II.

Boris Yeltsin

First President of the Russian Federation after the dissolution of the Soviet Union.

Einsatzgruppen

Nazi mobile killing squads responsible for mass murders, particularly during the Holocaust.

Mussolini

Italian fascist dictator who led Italy during World War II and founded the Fascist Party.

Mau Mau

Kenyan nationalist movement that fought against British colonial rule in the 1950s.

British Mandate

League of Nations mandate that gave Britain control over territories in the Middle East after World War I.

Spanish Civil War

Conflict in Spain from 1936 to 1939 between Republicans and Nationalists, seen as a precursor to World War II.

Stalin

Soviet leader who transformed the Soviet Union into a major world power through industrialization and collectivization, but also responsible for mass repression and purges.

United Nations

International organization founded in 1945 to promote peace, security, and cooperation among nations.

Prague Spring

Period of political liberalization in Czechoslovakia in 1968 that was ended by a Soviet-led invasion.

Glasnost

Policy of openness and transparency introduced by Mikhail Gorbachev in the Soviet Union.

Balfour Declaration

British statement in 1917 expressing support for the establishment of a "national home for the Jewish people" in Palestine.