AP Psych Unit 5 - Mental and Physical Health (Quizlet)

Health Psychology

It examines how mental and behavioral factors influence physical well-being.

What is eustress?

Motivating, positive stress that energizes and focuses, involving challenges that promote growth.

What is distress?

Debilitating, negative stress that overwhelms and hinders, often resulting from trauma or daily hassles.

What are adverse childhood experiences?

Stressful or traumatic events in childhood that can have a lifelong impact, such as abuse and neglect.

What does the General Adaptation Syndrome describe?

It describes the process of experiencing stress in three stages: alarm reaction, resistance phase, and exhaustion phase.

What does the Tend-and-Befriend Theory propose?

It proposes that some people, particularly women, react to stress by caring for others and seeking social support.

What is problem-focused coping?

A coping strategy that sees stress as a problem to be solved through active efforts and identifying solutions.

What is emotion-focused coping?

A coping strategy that manages emotional reactions to stress to reduce negative feelings.

What is positive psychology?

A branch of psychology that focuses on factors contributing to individual and societal thriving.

What are signature strengths?

Core virtues or positive traits that are central to an individual's identity.

What is posttraumatic growth?

Positive psychological changes that occur as a result of struggling with challenging life circumstances.

What does the biopsychosocial model recognize?

It recognizes that psychological problems involve a complex interplay of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors.

What is the diathesis-stress model?

A model proposing that psychological disorders emerge from the interaction of genetic vulnerabilities and stress.

What are neurodevelopmental disorders?

A group of disorders that appear during the developmental period and affect behavior, cognition, or social skills.

What characterizes Attention-Deficit Disorder?

It is characterized by inattention, distractibility, and disorganization without significant hyperactivity.

What is Autism Spectrum Disorder?

A disorder affecting communication, social interaction, and behavior, with symptoms varying in severity.

What are schizophrenic disorders characterized by?

Disturbances in areas such as delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking, and negative symptoms.

What are delusions?

False beliefs that can be persecutory or grandiose in nature.

What are hallucinations?

False perceptions that can involve any of the senses, such as hearing voices.

What is disorganized thinking?

Thoughts that may manifest as a 'word salad,' where nonsensical words are strung together.

What is disorganized motor behavior?

Behavior that ranges from excessive movement to lack of responsiveness.

What are negative symptoms?

Absence of typical behaviors, such as lack of emotion or motivation.

What are depressive disorders?

Disorders that involve persistent sad, empty, or irritable moods impairing daily functioning.

What is Major Depressive Disorder?

A disorder marked by persistent feelings of sadness and loss of interest affecting daily life.

What is Persistent Depressive Disorder?

A chronic form of depression lasting at least two years with lower mood and energy.

What are bipolar disorders characterized by?

Alternating periods of mania and depression.

What is Bipolar I Disorder?

Involves full manic episodes.

What is Bipolar II Disorder?

Involves hypomania with less severe manic symptoms.

What are anxiety disorders?

Disorders involving excessive fear or anxiety that impair daily functioning.

What is a specific phobia?

An intense, irrational fear of a specific object or situation.

What is agoraphobia?

Fear of situations where escape might be difficult, such as being in crowds.

What is panic disorder?

Involves recurrent, unexpected panic attacks with intense fear.

What is social anxiety disorder?

Fear of social situations where one might be judged or scrutinized.

What is generalized anxiety disorder?

Persistent, excessive worry about various aspects of life.

What are obsessive-compulsive disorders characterized by?

The presence of obsessions and compulsions that interfere with daily life.

What are obsessions?

Persistent, unwanted thoughts that cause distress.

What are compulsions?

Repetitive behaviors performed to prevent or reduce anxiety.

What is OCD?

A disorder involving both obsessions and compulsions causing significant distress.

What do dissociative disorders involve?

Disruptions in consciousness, memory, identity, emotion, or behavior.

What is dissociative amnesia?

Inability to recall important personal information, usually related to trauma.

What is dissociative fugue?

Involves amnesia with unexpected travel and identity confusion.

What characterizes dissociative identity disorder?

Presence of two or more distinct personality states or identities.

What are somatoform disorders?

Psychological disorders where physical symptoms occur without a medical cause.

What is conversion disorder?

Psychological stress presenting as neurological symptoms without medical explanation.

What is illness anxiety disorder?

Excessive worry about having or developing a serious illness.

What are malingering disorders?

Intentional faking or exaggeration of illness for personal gain.

What is cyclothymic disorder?

A mood disorder with chronic mood swings between mild depressive and hypomanic episodes.

What are trauma disorders?

Involve psychological distress following exposure to a traumatic event.

What does PTSD include?

Intrusive memories, avoidance of trauma-related stimuli, negative mood changes, and hyperarousal.

What are eating disorders characterized by?

Persistent disturbances in eating behaviors and related thoughts.

What is anorexia nervosa?

Restriction of food intake with intense fear of weight gain and distorted body image.

What is bulimia nervosa?

Recurrent binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors like purging.

What is body-dysmorphic disorder?

A disorder characterized by distress over imagined body defects.

What are psychotropic medications?

Drugs that affect mental states and behaviors.

What is decentralized treatment?

Providing care in community-based settings rather than large institutions.

What is combination therapy?

Using both medication and psychological therapies for more effective treatment.

What does nonmaleficence refer to?

Avoiding actions that could harm clients.

What does fidelity mean in psychology?

Being loyal, truthful, and keeping promises to clients.

What is integrity in psychology?

Promoting accuracy, honesty, and truthfulness in practice.

What does 'respect for rights and dignity' mean?

Recognizing the inherent worth and rights of all individuals.

What is free association in therapy?

Encouraging clients to share thoughts without censorship to uncover unconscious conflicts.

What is dream interpretation?

Analyzing the symbolic content of dreams for insights into the unconscious mind.

What is dialectical behavior therapy?

A therapy combining cognitive and behavioral techniques to help clients regulate emotions.

What does REBT stand for?

Rational-emotive behavior therapy, focusing on challenging irrational beliefs.

What is TMS?

Transcranial magnetic stimulation, used to stimulate brain activity for treating depression.

What is ECT?

Electroconvulsive therapy, used to treat severe, treatment-resistant depression.

What is a lobotomy?

A controversial procedure severing connections in the prefrontal cortex, now rarely performed.