Unit 5 Study Guide- Anatomy

Why is type 1 stool made/what are the causes?

Why is type 1 stool made/what are the causes?

May be the cause of a low-fiber diet, inadequate fluids (water), constipation, IBS ( Irritable Bowel Syndrome ), usually hard to pass.

Know the Bristol Stool Chart

Where does absorption occur?

Occurs in the small intestine (jejunum and ileum) and large intestine (ascending and transverse colon) where the nutrients are taken in.

Where does chemical digestion occur?

Occurs in mouth (saliva), stomach (enzymes break down), and small intestine (complete digestion and breakdown).

What is mechanical digestion and where does it occur in the digestive system?

Occurs in the mouth(chewing), Stomach (churning), and Small intestine (segmentation).

What is peristalsis?

Muscle contractions in the esophagus move bolus down to the stomach.

What does bile digest?

Digests fats by breaking them down into smaller droplets to allow the small intestine to absorb them.

Where are carbs digested? (mechanical and chemical)

Mechanical - Mouth (chewing)

Chemical - Mouth (amylase), small intestine by pancreas enzyme

Identify the parts of the digestive system on a diagram.

Know the pathway food takes in the digestive system.

Mouth, Pharynx, Esophagus, Stomach, Small Intestine (Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum), large intestine (Cecum, Ascending colon, Transverse colon, Descending colon, Rectum, Anus).

* gallbladder *

What does it contain?

What is its function of it for the digestive system?

Contains: - Bile ( fluid used to break down fats )

Function: It stores and concentrates bile.

*Hiatal hernia*

What is it?

What are the symptoms?

What is it: the upper part of your stomach bulges through an opening in your diaphragm. This can happen from coughing too hard, or an injury to the diaphragm.

Symptoms: heartburn, trouble breathing, becoming full fast after a meal

Know the parts of a dissected kidney.

What are the 4 main organs of the urinary system?

Kidneys, bladders, ureters, and the urethra

What is the pathway of urine starting with the medulla?

medulla → nephrons → collecting ducts → renal pelvis → ureters → bladder → urethra.

Who is more prone to UTI infections and why?

Women because their urethra is anatomically closer to the anus.

How can you tell if a urine sample is from a diabetic?

The urine will smell sweet, and test positive for glucose and ketones.

When you are hydrated, what does your urine look like?

Light yellow/clear

What are the final reabsorbed molecules in the collecting duct?

Water

What is the difference between and male a female bladder/urethra area?

Prostate

Be able to identify parts of the kidney from a diagram (internal and external parts)

What does the presence of ADH do for the body?

This causes the kidneys to release less water, decreasing the amount of urine produced. A high ADH level causes the body to produce less urine—a low-level results in greater urine production.

What does the urine of a diabetic look and test like?

Urine smells sweet and is yellow. Tests positive for ketones and glucose.

What do the ascending and descending tubes of Henle’s loop reabsorb?

Descending loop absorbs water

Ascending loop absorbs salt

What part of the kidney does the ureter, renal vein, and artery enter through?

Pelvis or major calyx