AP European History Chapter 13 Glossary

Christian (northern) humanism

an intellectual movement in northern Europe in the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries that combined the interest in the classics of the Italian Renaissance with an interest in the sources of early Christianity, including the New Testament and the writings of the church fathers.

Confession

One of the seven Catholic sacraments; consists of admission of sins and penance

Huguenots

French Calvinists

Justification by faith

the primary doctrine of the Protestant Reformation; taught that humans are saved not through good works, but by the grace of God, bestowed freely through the sacrifice of Jesus.

Pluralism

the practice of holding several church offices simultaneously; a problem of the late medieval church

Politiques

a group who emerged during the French Wars of Religion in the sixteenth century, placed politics above religion, and believed that no religious truth was worth the ravages of civil war.

Predestination

the belief, associated with Calvinism, that God, as a consequence of his foreknowledge of all events, has predetermined those who will be saved (the elect) and those who will be damned.

Puritans

Religious reformers in England who hoped to cleanse the Church of England of any traces of Catholicism

Transubstantiation

Catholic doctrine that the bread and wine used in Eucharist were miraculously transformed into the body and blood of Jesus