Uric acid systems (language of medicine 9th)

Question 1: What is the primary function of peritoneal dialysis (PD)?

A. Introduces fluid into the abdominal cavity, the waste passes out of the blloodstream in to fluid to removed by the catheter ✓

B. Filters blood through an artificial kidney machine

C. Removes kidney stones

D. Reduces inflammation in the renal pelvis

A. Introduces fluid into the abdominal cavity, the waste passes out of the blloodstream in to fluid to removed by the catheter ✓

Question 2: Which condition is characterized by the inadequate (not secreted adequately) secretion of antidiuretic hormone or the kidney is resistant to its effects?

A. Diabetes mellitus

B. Diabetes insipidus✓

C. Glomerulonephritis

D. Pyelonephritis

B. Diabetes insipidus✓

Question 3: What is the medical term for kidney stones?

A. Cystitis

B. Lithotripsy

C. Nephrolithiasis or renal calculi✓

D. Caliectasis

C. Nephrolithiasis or renal calculi✓

Question 4: Which malignant tumor of the kidney condition specifically affects children's kidneys?

A. Renal cell carcinoma

B. Wilms tumor✓

C. Polycystic kidney disease

D. Glomerulonephritis

B. Wilms tumor✓

Question 5: What does blood urea nitrogen (BUN) measurement?

A. Blood pressure levels

B. Kidney stone size

C. Urea levels in blood✓

D. Bladder inflammation

C. Urea levels in blood✓

Question 6: What is the essential and distinctive tissue of an organ in the kidney called?

A. Calyx

B. Parenchyma✓

C. Meatus

D. Cystocele

B. Parenchyma✓

Question 7: Which procedure involves crushing urinary tract stones are crushed by ESWL, crushing stones?

A. Cystoscopy

B. Lithotripsy✓

C. Hemodialysis

D. Cystectomy

B. Lithotripsy✓

Question 8: What is the medical term for inflammation of the urinary bladder?

A. Pyelonephritis

B. Glomerulonephritis

C. Cystitis✓

D. Meatal stenosis

C. Cystitis✓

Question 9: Which condition is characterized by multiple fluid-filled sacs within the kidneys?

A. Nephrolithiasis

B. Cystocele

C. Polycystic kidney disease✓

D. Caliectasis

C. Polycystic kidney disease✓

Question 10: What does hemodialysis use to cleaned the blood to the patient’s body due to waste-filled blood from ppatient’s bloodstream?

A. Abdominal cavity fluid

B. Artificial kidney machine✓

C. Urinary catheter

D. Endoscope

B. Artificial kidney machine✓

Question 11: What is a retrograde pyelogram?

A. X-ray of kidneys without contrast

B. Examination of bladder with endoscope

C. X-ray imaging of the renal pelvis and ureters after contrast injection through a urinary catheter into the ureters from the bladder✓

D. Blood vessel examination of kidney

C. X-ray imaging of the renal pelvis and ureters after contrast injection through a urinary catheter into the ureters from the bladder✓

Question 12: What is the term for surgical removal of the urinary bladder?

A. Cystoscopy

B. Cystostomy

C. Cystectomy✓

D. Cystocele

C. Cystectomy✓

Question 13: Which condition occurs when insulin is not secreted adequately or tissues are resistant to its effects?

A. Diabetes insipidus

B. Diabetes mellitus✓

C. Glomerulonephritis

D. Pyelonephritis

B. Diabetes mellitus✓

Question 14: What is the medical term for swelling caused by fluid in tissue spaces?

A. Caliectasis

B. Edema✓

C. Cystocele

D. Stenosis

B. Edema✓

Question 15: What is asymptomatic?

A. With visible symptoms

B. Without symptoms✓

C. With severe symptoms

D. With mild symptoms

B. Without symptoms✓

Question 16: What is a KUB examination?

A. X-ray with contrast of kidney blood vessels

B. X-ray without contrast of kidneys, ureters, and bladder✓

C. Endoscopic examination of bladder

D. Ultrasound of kidney stones

B. X-ray without contrast of kidneys, ureters, and bladder✓

Question 17: What is cystoscopy used for?

A. Removing bladder stones

B. Creating bladder opening

C. Visual examination of the urinary bladder via endoscope✓

D. Measuring urea levels

C. Visual examination of the urinary bladder via endoscope✓

Question 18: What is the Bowman capsule also known as, while Pertaining to the capsule surrounding each glomerulus?

A. Renal capsule

B. Urinary capsule

C. Glomerular capsule✓

D. Kidney capsule

C. Glomerular capsule✓

Question 19: What characterizes renal cell carcinoma?

A. Childhood kidney tumor

B. Cancerous tumor in adult kidney (of the kidney)✓

C. Bladder inflammation

D. Kidney stone formation

B. Cancerous tumor in adult kidney (of the kidney)✓

Question 20: What is caliectasis (cup-like collecting region of the renal pelvis)?

A. Kidney stone formation

B. Bladder inflammation

C. Dilation of a calyx✓

D. Urethra narrowing

C. Dilation of a calyx✓

Question 21: What is renal hypertension?

A. Low blood pressure from kidney disease

B. High blood pressure resulting from kidney disease✓

C. Normal blood pressure with kidney disease

D. Fluctuating blood pressure

B. High blood pressure resulting from kidney disease✓

Question 22: What is cystostomy?

A. Removal of bladder

B. Examination of bladder

C. Surgical formation of an opening to the outside creation of bladder✓

D. Repair of bladder hernia

C. Surgical formation of an opening to the outside creation of bladder✓

Question 23: What does renal angiography examine (with contrast)t?

A. Kidney stones

B. Bladder wall

C. Blood vessels of the kidney✓

D. Urine composition

C. Blood vessels of the kidney✓

Question 24: What is glomerulonephritis?

A. Inflammation of renal pelvis

B. Inflammation of the balls of capillaries within the kidney✓

C. Inflammation of bladder

D. Inflammation of ureters

B. Inflammation of the balls of capillaries within the kidney✓

Question 25: What is cystocele?

A. Bladder inflammation

B. Bladder removal

C. Blladder to the urinary of the hernia✓

D. Bladder examination

C. Blladder to the urinary of the hernia✓

Question 26: What is pyelonephritis?

A. Inflammation of kidney capillaries

B. Inflammation of the lining of the renal pelvis and ____ parenchyma✓

C. Inflammation of bladder

D. Inflammation of ureters

B. Inflammation of the lining of the renal pelvis and ____ parenchyma✓

Question 27: What is meatal stenosis?

A. Bladder narrowing

B. Kidney narrowing

C. Urethral opening of the urethra to the outside of the body narrowing tightening of the meatus✓

D. Ureter narrowing

C. Urethral opening of the urethra to the outside of the body narrowing tightening of the meatus✓

Question 28: What term relates to the cup-like collecting region of the renal pelvis?

A. Cystocele

B. Caliceal✓

C. Meatal

D. Parenchyma

B. Caliceal✓

Question 29: Which imaging technique for after uses contrast through a urinary catheter into the ureters from the bladder?

A. KUB

B. Renal angiography

C. Retrograde pyelogram (RP)✓

D. Cystoscopy

C. Retrograde pyelogram (RP)✓

Question 30: What distinguishes peritoneal dialysis from hemodialysis?

A. Uses artificial kidney machine

B. Uses abdominal cavity for filtration✓

C. Removes kidney stones

D. Examines bladder wall

B. Uses abdominal cavity for filtration✓

Question 31: What comprises the kidney parenchyma?

A. Bladder and ureters

B. Glomeruli and renal tubules✓

C. Renal pelvis and calyx

D. Blood vessels only

B. Glomeruli and renal tubules✓

Question 32: Which condition specifically affects blood pressure?

A. Cystitis

B. Renal hypertension✓

C. Nephrolithiasis

D. Cystocele

B. Renal hypertension✓

Question 33: What is the primary characteristic of urinary meatal stenosis?

A. Bladder inflammation

B. Kidney stone formation

C. Urethral opening narrowing or tightening of the meatus✓

D. Kidney inflammation

C. Urethral opening narrowing or tightening of the meatus✓

Question 34: Which surgical formation of an opening from the bladder to the outside of the body.?

A. Cystectomy

B. Cystoscopy

C. Cystostomy✓

D. Cystocele

C. Cystostomy✓

Question 35: What is nephrolithotomy?

A. Surgical incision into the kidney to remove a stone✓

B. Removal of entire kidney

C. Creation of artificial kidney opening

D. Repair of kidney tissue

A. Surgical incision into the kidney to remove a stone✓

Question 36: What characterizes hydronephrosis?

A. Blood in kidney tissue

B. Codition of excess fluid(water/urine) in the kidney✓

C. Kidney stones

D. Kidney inflammation

B. Codition of excess fluid(water/urine) in the kidney✓

Question 37: What is nephrostomy?

A. Removal of kidney

B. Creation of an artificial into the kidney (via catheter) from outside of the body, opening into kidney from ____________✓

C. Repair of kidney tissue

D. Stone removal from kidney

B. Creation of an artificial into the kidney (via catheter) from outside of the body, opening into kidney from ____________✓

Question 38: What is pyelolithotomy?

A. Removal of entire kidney

B. Incision of renal pelvis to remove stone, incision to remvove a stone the renal pelvis. ✓

C. Creation of new kidney opening

D. Repair of renal tissue

B. Incision of renal pelvis to remove stone, incision to remvove a stone the renal pelvis. ✓

Question 39: What is renal ischemia?

A. Kidney inflammation

B. Holding back of blood flow to kidney✓

C. Excess fluid in kidney

D. Kidney stone formation

B. Holding back of blood flow to kidney✓

Question 40: What causes renal colic?

A. Kidney inflammation

B. Spasms of pain in the kidney resulting from a stone in the ureter or kidney✓

C. Excess fluid in kidney

D. Blood flow restriction

B. Spasms of pain in the kidney resulting from a stone in the ureter or kidney✓

Question 41: What is trigonitis?

A. Inflammation of bladder area✓

B. Kidney stone formation

C. Ureter inflammation

D. Urethra infection

A. Inflammation of bladder area✓

Question 42: What is ureteroplasty?

A. Removal of ureter

B. Surgical repair of a ureter (urethra)✓

C. Creation of new ureter opening

D. Stone removal from ureter

B. Surgical repair of a ureter (urethra)✓

Question 43: What is the purpose of ureteroileostomy?

A. Repair of ureter

B. Carrying urine out of the body through an opening ileum after for removal of urine cystectomy✓

C. Removing stones from ureter

D. Treating ureter inflammation

B. Carrying urine out of the body through an opening ileum after for removal of urine cystectomy✓

Question 44: What is ureterolithotomy?

A. Repair of ureter

B. Incision of a ureter to remove stone✓

C. Creation of new ureter opening

D. Removal of entire ureter

B. Incision of a ureter to remove stone✓

Question 45: What is urethritis?

A. Urethra repair

B. Inflammation of the urethra✓

C. Urethra narrowing

D. Stone in urethra

B. Inflammation of the urethra✓

Question 46: What is urethroplasty?

A. Removal of urethra

B. Surgical repair of the urethra✓

C. Stone removal from urethra

D. Creation of new urethral opening

B. Surgical repair of the urethra✓

Question 47: What is urethral stricture?

A. Inflammation of urethra

B. Narrowing of urethra✓

C. Infection of urethra

D. Enlargement of urethra

B. Narrowing of urethra✓

Question 48: What does intravesical mean?

A. Outside the bladder

B. Pertaining to within the bladder✓

C. Between bladders

D. Around bladder

B. Pertaining to within the bladder✓

Question 49: What is vesicoureteral reflux?

A. Normal urine flow

B. Backflow of urine from the bladder up into the ureters✓

C. Forward flow of urine

D. Blocked urine flow

B. Backflow of urine from the bladder up into the ureters✓

Question 50: What is albuminuria?

A. Blood in urine

B. Urine condition with protein in the urine✓

C. Bacteria in urine

D. Ketones in urine

B. Urine condition with protein in the urine✓

Question 51: What characterizes azotemia?

A. Excess protein in blood

B. Excess nitrogenous waste in the bloodstream✓

C. Low blood sodium

D. High blood potassium

B. Excess nitrogenous waste in the bloodstream✓

Question 52: What indicates bacteriuria?

A. Protein in urine

B. Urine condition with bacteria in the urine✓

C. Blood in urine

D. Ketones in urine

B. Urine condition with bacteria in the urine✓

Question 53: What is polydipsia?

A. Excessive urination

B. Condition of Increased(much) thirst✓

C. Increased hunger

D. Excessive sweating

B. Condition of Increased(much) thirst✓

Question 54: What is hyperkalemia?

A. High sodium levels

B. High levels of potassium in the blood✓

C. Low levels of potassium in the blood

D. High calcium levels

B. High levels of potassium in the blood✓

Question 55: What is ketosis?

A. Excess protein in blood

B. Abnormal condition of Ketones in the blood and body tissues✓

C. Excess sugar in blood

D. Low sodium in blood

B. Abnormal condition of Ketones in the blood and body tissues✓

Question 56: What characterizes ketonuria?

A. Protein in urine

B. Ketone bodies in urine codition✓

C. Blood in urine

D. Bacteria in urine

B. Ketone bodies in urine codition✓

Question 57: What is nephrolithiasis?

A. Kidney stones in inflammation

B. Kidney stones in abnormal codition✓

C. Kidney stones in infection

D. Kidney stones in failure

B. Kidney stones in abnormal codition✓

Question 58: What is hyponatremia?

A. High sodium levels in the blood codition

B. Low sodium levels in the blood codition ✓

C. High potassium levels

D. Low potassium levels

B. Low sodium levels in the blood codition ✓

Question 59: What is nocturia?

A. Daytime urination

B. Excessive nighttime to frequent urination (urine codition)✓

C. Reduced urination

D. Painful urination

B. Excessive nighttime to frequent urination (urine codition)✓

Question 60: What is oliguria (too little for less urination than normal)?

A. Excessive urination

B. Scanty urination✓

C. Frequent urination

D. Normal urination

B. Scanty urination✓

Question 61: What is erythropoietin's function for hormone secreted by the kidney?

A. Decrease red blood cells

B. Increase red blood cell formation✓

C. Regulate blood pressure

D. Filter blood waste

B. Increase red blood cell formation✓

Question 62: What is pyuria (gives the urine a cloudy (turbid) appearance)?

A. Blood in urine

B. Pus in urine✓

C. Protein in urine

D. Ketones in urine

B. Pus in urine✓

Question 63: What is paranephric?

A. Within kidney

B. Near the kidney for pertaining ✓

C. Behind the kidney

D. Between the kidneys

B. Near the kidney for pertaining ✓

Question 64: What is nephropathy (of the) ?

A. Kidney repair

B. Kidney disease✓

C. Kidney removal

D. Kidney stone

B. Kidney disease✓

Question 65: What is nephroptosis ?

A. Kidney enlargement

B. Downward displacement (dropping) of kidney✓

C. Kidney infection

D. Kidney failure

B. Downward displacement (dropping) of kidney✓

Question 66: What is nephrectomy?

A. Kidney repair

B. Excision of a kidney✓

C. Kidney stone removal

D. Kidney transplant

B. Excision of a kidney✓

Question 67: What procedure involves nephropexy?

A. Kidney removal

B. Surgical fixation of dropped kidney (to put and hold a kidney back in place)✓

C. Stone removal

D. Kidney transplant

B. Surgical fixation of dropped kidney (to put and hold a kidney back in place)✓

Question 68: What test is performed for bacteriuria?

A. Blood test

B. Culture and sensitivity test (Urine condition with bacteria in the urine)✓

C. Protein test

D. Ketone test

B. Culture and sensitivity test (Urine condition with bacteria in the urine)✓

Question 69: What is a common sign of both types of diabetes?

A. Kidney pain

B. Polydipsia✓

C. Pyuria

D. Oliguria

B. Polydipsia✓

Question 70: What gives the urine a cloudy (turbid) appearance?

A. Albuminuria

B. Pyuria [Pus in the urine]✓

C. Ketonuria

D. Bacteriuria

B. Pyuria [Pus in the urine]✓

Question 71: What is the medical term for surgical repair of the urinary tract?

A. Ureterolithotomy

B. Ureteroplasty✓

C. Ureteroileostomy

D. Urethritis

B. Ureteroplasty✓

Question 72: What is lithotripsy?

A. Process of crushing a stone in the urinary tract✓

B. Removal of kidney

C. Creation of new opening

D. Repair of ureter

A. Process of crushing a stone in the urinary tract✓

Question 73: What is uremia?

A. Sugar in blood

B. Blood condition that is toxic due to urea (waste) accumulation in the blood✓

C. Protein in blood

D. Ketones in blood

B. Blood condition that is toxic due to urea (waste) accumulation in the blood✓

Question 74: What is enuresis (literally, "in urine")?

A. Excessive urination

B. Bedwetting✓

C. Painful urination

D. No urination

B. Bedwetting✓

Question 75: What is diuresis?

A. Decreased urination to codition

B. Excessive urination to codition ✓

C. Painful urination to codition

D. Normal urination to codition

B. Excessive urination to codition ✓

Question 76: What is the function of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) a hormone secreted by the pituitary gland?

A. Increases urine production

B. Helps reabsorb water from the renal tubules back into the bloodstream✓

C. Decreases blood pressure

D. Increases blood sugar

B. Helps reabsorb water from the renal tubules back into the bloodstream✓

Question 77: What is urinary incontinence?

A. Ability to hold urine

B. Inability to hold urine in bladder✓

C. Inability to release urine

D. Normal urination

B. Inability to hold urine in bladder✓

Question 78: What characterizes urinary retention usually due to a blockage?

A. Excessive urination

B. Inability to release urine from bladder✓

C. Frequent urination

D. Normal urination

B. Inability to release urine from bladder✓

Question 79: What is dysuria?

A. Excessive in urination codition

B. Difficult in urine codition, painful urination✓

C. No urination codition

D. Normal urination codition

B. Difficult in urine codition, painful urination✓

Question 80: What is anuria?

A. Excessive is urination

B. No urine is production✓

C. Blood in urine

D. Sugar in urine

B. No urine is production✓

Question 81: What is hematuria?

A. Sugar in the urine

B. Blood in the urine✓

C. Protein in the urine

D. Pus in the urine

B. Blood in the urine✓

Question 82: What is glycosuria (a symptom of diabetes mellitus)?

A. Blood in urine

B. Sugar in urine✓

C. Protein in urine

D. Ketones in urine

B. Sugar in urine✓

Question 83: What is polyuria (a symptom of both diabetes insipidus and diabetes mellitus)?

A. Normal urination

B. Excessive(much) of urination✓

C. No urination

D. Painful urination

B. Excessive (much) of urination✓

Question 84: What is another name for Bowman?

A. Renal capsule

B. Glomerular capsule✓

C. Urinary capsule

D. Kidney capsule

B. Glomerular capsule

Question 85: What is the renal pelvis?

A. Outer portion of kidney

B. Basin-like hollow area in the central part of the kidney✓

C. Blood vessel to kidney

D. Urinary tube

Question 86: What does the renal vein do that blood vessel?

A. Carries blood to kidneys

B. Carries blood away from kidneys toward the heart✓

C. Filters blood

D. Stores blood

B. Carries blood away from kidneys toward the heart✓

Question 87: What does the renal artery do that blood vessel?

A. Carries blood away from kidneys

B. Carries blood to the kidneys from the heart✓

C. Stores blood

D. Filters waste

B. Carries blood to the kidneys from the heart✓

Question 88: What does turbid mean in relation to urine?

A. Clear appearance

B. Cloudy appearance✓

C. Dark color

D. Light color

B. Cloudy appearance✓

Question 89: What is the function of erythropoietin for hormone secreted by the kidneys?

A. Filters blood

B. Stimulates red blood cell production✓

C. Increases urination

D. Decreases blood pressure

B. Stimulates red blood cell production✓

Question 90: What is the medulla?

A. Outer of each kidney to portion

B. Inner of each kidney to portion✓

C. Middle of each kidney to portion

D. Surface of each kidney to portion

B. Inner of each kidney to portion✓

Question 91: What is the function of renal tubules (pituitary gland and helps reabsorb water)?

A. Store urine

B. Carry filtered liquid and allow reabsorption✓

C. Produce hormones

D. Filter blood only

B. Carry filtered liquid and allow reabsorption✓

Question 92: What is the primary function of the bladder with muscular sac?

A. Produce urine

B. Temporarily store urine✓

C. Filter blood

D. Produce hormones

B. Temporarily store urine✓

Question 93: What is the meatus?

A. Urinary storage area

B. Opening to outside of body through which for urine passes ✓

C. Kidney filter

D. Blood vessel

B. Opening to outside of body through which for urine passes ✓

Question 94: What is the cortex?

A. Inner of each kidney portion

B. Outer of each kidney portion✓

C. Middle of each kidney portion

D. Central of each kidney portion

B. Outer of each kidney portion✓

Question 95: What is filtration in relation which throughing to kidneys?

A. Blood storage

B. Process of urine production✓

C. Hormone production

D. Waste storage

B. Process of urine production✓

Question 96: What is the function of renin?

A. Lower blood pressure

B. Raise the blood pressure to maintain(keep) moving through the kidney blood flow✓

C. Filter waste

D. Store urine

B. Raise the blood pressure to maintain(keep) moving through the kidney blood flow✓

Question 97: What are calyces (small)?

A. Blood vessels

B. Cup-like regions of the renal pelvis✓

C. Urinary tubes

D. Kidney filters

B. Cup-like regions of the renal pelvis✓

Question 98: What is reabsorption to the process of the body?

A. Waste removal

B. Taking back necessary substances into the bloodstream✓

C. Urine production

D. Blood filtration

B. Taking back necessary substances into the bloodstream✓

Question 99: What is the normal pH of urine?

A. Basic

B. Acidic✓

C. Neutral

D. Variable

B. Acidic✓

Question 100: What is a glomerulus (tiny capillaries in formed)?

A. Urinary tube

B. Small ball-shaped of a capillaries✓

C. Storage sac

D. Hormone producer

B. Small ball-shaped of a capillaries✓