Origins of Cell Compartmentalization

These flashcards cover key concepts from the lecture on the origins and compartmentalization of cells, focusing on the differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, as well as the evolutionary significance of membrane-bound organelles.

Eukaryotic Cell

A type of cell characterized by membrane-bound organelles, including a nucleus.

Membrane-bound Organelles

Structures within eukaryotic cells that are enclosed by membranes, performing specific functions.

Compartmentalization

The process of creating distinct regions within a cell to isolate and organize cellular functions.

Prokaryotic Cell

A simple cell lacking membrane-bound organelles and defined nucleus; includes bacteria and archaea.

Endosymbiosis

The evolutionary theory that explains the origin of eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic organisms through symbiotic relationships.

Mitochondria

Organelles in eukaryotic cells responsible for energy production, originating from purple bacteria.

Chloroplasts

Organelles in plant cells responsible for photosynthesis, originating from cyanobacteria.

Internal Membranes

Membranes within eukaryotic cells that facilitate compartmentalization and minimize interactions between different cellular processes.

Ribosomes

Molecular complexes that synthesize proteins; present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Nucleoid Region

The area in prokaryotic cells where the DNA is located; lacks a surrounding membrane.