IB Physics SL ALL

What are the 6 fundamental quantities you much know?

Mass, length, time, temperature, current, mol

What is an absolute uncertainty?

The actual uncertainty of a given measurement

What is an fractional uncertainty?

The absolute uncertainty divided b the measured quantity

What is an percentage uncertainty?

The fractional uncertainty expressed as a percentage

If values are multiplied/divided, what do you do with the uncertainties?

percentage uncertainty is added

If values are added/subtracted, what do you do with the uncertainties?

adding the absolute uncertainty

Does a constant affect the percentage uncertainty in a calculated value?

no

What do you do when you square a quantity to the percentage uncertainty?

it doubles

When square rooting a quantity, its percentage uncertainty _____?

Halves

definition of distance travelled?

Length of path taken

Definition of displacement?

The position of an object relative to a defined starting position

Definition of speed?

Rate at which distance is covered/changes

Definition of velocity?

Rate at which displacement changes

Definition of relative velocity?

The velocity of one object as seen from another

Definition of acceleration?

rate at which velocity changes (with time)

What does the gradient of a displacement v time graph represent?

Velocity

What does the gradient of a velocity vs time graph represent?

Acceleration

The area under a velocity vs time graph is what?

Displacement

The area under an acceleration verses time graph is what?

change in velocity

The time for the _____ motion is always the same as the time for the ____ motion for a trajectory.

Horizontal, vertical

What is translational equilibrium?

Vector sum of all the forces acting on the body is equal to zero. (Moving at constant velocity)

What is newtons first law?

A body will continue in its current state of motion unless acted on by a resultant force

What is newtons second law?

the acceleration of a body is proportional to the resultant force acting on the body (F=ma)

What is static friction?

The force between the object and the surface

What is dynamic friction?

The force between the object and the surface that attemps to refuce the movement of one relative to the other.

Definition of power?

Rate at which work is done

What is the principle of conservation of energy?

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only converted from one form to another

What is the definition of linear momentum?

The product of mass of an object and its velocity. P=mv

What is the equation for impulse?

impulse = average force x time

what does the area of a force vs time graph represent?

Impulse

What is the conservation of linear momentum ?

Total momentum of objects in an isolated system remains constant

What is conserved in elastic collisions?

Kinetic energy is conserved

What is an Inelastic collision?

There is a maximum loss of kinetic energy (Stick together upon impact)

What is temperature?

The average kinetic energy of the particles within a substance

Equation of internal energy?

Internal energy = potential energy + Kinetic energy

Definition of specific heat capacity?

The energy required to increase the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1c

Definition of specific latent heat?

The energy needed to melt one kg of a substance at constant temperature

If you increase the volume at connstant temperature of an ideal gas what happens?

The pressure decreases

If you increase the temperature at constant volume of an ideal gas what happens?

pressure increases

If you increase the temperature at constant pressure of an ideal gas?

Volume increases

what does R represent in PV=nRT?

molar gas constant

What is the definition of a mole?

Same number of particles as there are atoms in 12g of carbon -12

Definition of molar mass?

The mass of one mole of a particular substance

What are the factors of behaving like an ideal gas?

1) particles occupy zero volume 2) no intermolecular forces between particles

Where is the direction of acceleration on simple harmonic motion?

Always acting towards the centre

Definition of oscillation

Movement of a particle to and fro from its original position

Definition of medium

The "material" through which a wave travels

Definition of amplitude

Maximum displacement of a particle from equilibrium position. (Usually measured in meters)

Definition of frequency

The number of waves/oscillations produced/observed per second (f=1/t)

Definition of phase difference

The phase difference between two sources is the fraction of a cycle bu which one source moves behing the other

Definition of simple harmonic motion

SHM is defined as motion where the acceleration of the particle is proportional to but in the opposite direction to the displacement of the particle (a-x) ( a=acceleration, x=displacement)

What direction are particles moving in a longitudinal wave?

"Particle" oscillations (vibrations) are parallel to direction of wave

What direction are particles moving in a transverse wave?

"Particle" oscillations are perpendicular to direction of wave motion

What does the wavelength of a displacement / time graph represent?

Period

What does the wavelength of a displacement / position graph represent?

Wavelength

At what speed do EMS waves travel at?

Speed of light

What are the the waves in order of wavelength?

Gamma, X rays, UV, Visible, IR, Micro, Radio GAXUVIMR

Sound waves are generated by vibrating objects. The obkect then exerts a series of push-pulls on air particles. This causes regular pulses of high pressure air (_____) and low pressure air (_______).

Compressions / Rarefactions

Definition of wavefront

A wavefront shows a line of points all in phase with eachother. Distance between two wavefronts = wavelength

A ray is always ______ to the wavefronts

perpendicular

angle of incidence =

angle of reflection

Does the frequency remain the same for refraction?

yes

Does the wavelength remain the same for refraction?

No

Does the speed remain the same for refraction?

No

If a wave enters a medium in which it travels slower what happens?

Speech decreases, Wavelength decreases, Frequency remains the same, bends towards the normal

What is the definition / equation for the refractive index?

Ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed of light in the material

What is the charge of: Electron / Proton?

Negative / Positive

What is the S.I unit for charge?

Coulomb (C)

What is coulomb's law?

like charges repel and opposite charges attract

What is the equation for force of electric field?

Force = field strength x charge

What is the equation for electric force between two plates?

E=v/d (NOT IN EQUATION BOOKLET)

What is the definition of electric current?

Current is defined to be the rate of flow of charge

Direct current is produced by ___-cell batteries

dry

Potential difference is also known for?

Voltage

Potential difference is defined to be?

The work done per unit charge when charge moves from one place to another

(Kirchhoff's law) The current flowing into the junction is equal to the current flowing ____

out

In any complete loop in any part of a circuit, the ___ of all the potential differences across all components and power sources is equal to zero.

sum

If the current in a conductor increases =

The temperature increases

The greater the resistance of a material, the more ________ _______ must be applired to produce a certain current.

potential difference

Definition of resistance?

The ratio of potential difference across a conductor to the current flowing through the conductor

Resistance is measured in?

Ohms

What is Ohm's law?

The current through a wire is proportional to the potential difference across it, provided the temperature is unchanged.

Generally ______ conductors obey Ohm's law

Metallic

An ohmic conductor has what sort of line on a graph of VxI?

Straight passing through 0,0 point

If light increases, the resistance of the LDR ______

decreases

The speed (Drift velocity) of electrons in a conductor depends on:

Cross sectional area of a conductor, Length of a conductor, material from which a conductor is made from, temperature of conductor, potential difference across conductor

Equation for power?

Work done/time taken

Cells can be categorised as ___-cells or ___-cells

dry, wet

What is a primary cell?

Is a disposable, non-rechargeable cell

What is a secondary cell?

May be rechargeable. Can be cheaper in the long term.

What is the definition for emf?

The electrical energy produced per unit charge inside the source

What is the equation for the size of force on a current carrying conductor?

F=BILsin(Theta)

What is the equation for the size of the force on a charge moving with velocity?

F=Bqvsin(Theta)

What direction is acceleration in circular motion?

Towards the centre

What is the circular motion acceleration called?

Centripetal acceleration

What direction is the resultant force on an object in circular motion?

Towards the centre of the circle

What is Newton's law of gravitation?

F=G(mm/r^2)

Equation for gravitational field strength?

g=F/m

What is the equation for energy of photon?

E=hf (H being Planck's constant)

What must be put in to move an electron from one energy level to a higher energy level?

Energy