Vocab Review

Agribusiness

A fast-food chain wants to reduce costs and gain control over its food supply. What agricultural practice would they use to own farms, processing plants, and distribution centers?

Precision agriculture

A farmer in Nebraska uses satellite imagery and GPS to determine which parts of his field need more fertilizer. What agricultural method is he using?

Green revolution

A developing country increases its food production by introducing high-yield rice and wheat varieties, but local farmers struggle with the costs of chemical fertilizers. What agricultural movement does this describe?

Colombian Exchange

A European traveler in the 1500s sees tomatoes in Italy and horses in Mexico for the first time. What global process is responsible for these changes in agricultural products?

First agricultural revolution

What key development allowed early human societies to transition from nomadic hunting and gathering to settled farming communities?

Food insecurity

A family in an urban neighborhood struggles to afford nutritious meals due to high food prices and low income. What term describes their situation?

Von Thunen Model

According to this agricultural land-use model, why would dairy farms be located closer to urban areas compared to grain farms?

Vertical integration

A poultry company owns the hatcheries, farms, processing plants, and even some restaurants that sell its chicken. What business strategy is being used?

Aquaculture

Due to declining wild fish populations, many coastal communities have turned to raising salmon and shrimp in controlled environments. What agricultural practice does this represent?

Shifting cultivation

A farming community in the Amazon rainforest clears and burns a section of land, farms it for a few years, and then moves to a new plot. What agricultural method are they practicing?

Pastoral nomadism

A group of herders in Mongolia moves their livestock seasonally to find fresh grazing land. What form of subsistence agriculture are they using?

Food deserts

In a low-income urban neighborhood, there are no grocery stores within walking distance, only fast-food restaurants and convenience stores. What term describes this situation?

Commercial agriculture

A large wheat farm in Kansas produces crops mainly for sale in national and international markets. What type of agriculture is this?

Enclosure system

During the 18th century in England, small communal farms were consolidated into large, privately owned farms. What was this process called?

Bid rent theory

Why is land more expensive in downtown New York City compared to rural farmland in Iowa?

Clustered rural settlement

A European village has homes, barns, and churches built closely together, with farmland surrounding the settlement. What type of rural land-use pattern is this?

Agriculture

A country’s economy relies heavily on farming, with large sections of the population engaged in crop and livestock production. What general term describes this industry?

tariffs

The U.S. government places an extra tax on imported French cheese to encourage consumers to buy American-made cheese instead. What is this tax called?

Global supply chain

A coffee shop sources its beans from Brazil, roasts them in Italy, and sells them in the United States. What economic process is at work?

Intensive agriculture

In China, rice farmers work small plots of land, applying large amounts of labor and fertilizers to maximize their harvests. What type of farming is this?

Crop rotation

A farmer alternates between growing corn one year and soybeans the next to maintain soil health. What farming technique is this?

subsistence agriculture

A farmer in rural Africa grows just enough maize to feed their family, with little surplus to sell. What type of agriculture are they practicing?

Farm subsidies

The U.S. government provides financial support to soybean farmers to help stabilize crop prices. What economic policy is this?

Plantation agriculture

A large-scale farm in the Caribbean produces sugarcane for export to Europe and North America. What type of agricultural system is this?

Desertification

Overgrazing and deforestation in parts of the Sahel region of Africa have turned once-productive land into desert. What environmental process is this?

Fair trade

A company sells chocolate labeled as "ethically sourced" to ensure that farmers in Ghana receive fair wages and work under safe conditions. What agricultural certification does this describe?

GMO

A farmer plants corn that has been genetically engineered to resist pests and herbicides. What type of biotechnology is being used?

Monoculture

A large farm in Iowa grows only corn year after year, leading to concerns about soil depletion and pest vulnerability. What type of agricultural practice is this?