origins crm

white opposition

intimidation and violence by kkk

ku klux klan 1866

white supremacit/terrorist group with a racist ideology, wanted to maintain democratic rule

poll txes

reduced overall turnout by 16-28%, and black turnout in half

literacy

40-60% of blacks were illiterate, compared to 8-18% of whites "understanding clause" or a "grandfather clause,"

restrictive and arbitrary registration practices

registration made difficult, registrars would use their discretion to deny them the vote anyway

felony disenfranchisement

(for only those crimes that blacks disproportionately committed)

the white primary

only ends in 1953

poesy v Fergusson 1896

‘separate but equal doctrine’

Charles hamilton Houston

the man who killed Jim Crow

marigold report

foundation of NAACP strategy

Nathan ross marigold

suggested attacking segregation through the courts.

Core fear of segregationists

equal statues and miscegenation