AP World History Study Guide Flashcards

Flashcards for AP World History Unit 1 and Unit 2 review.

What was the significance of the Song Dynasty in China (960-1279)?

Under the Song Dynasty, China experienced great wealth, political stability, and artistic and intellectual innovations.

What are tributes in the context of Postclassical China?

An arrangement in which other states had to pay money or provide goods to honor the Chinese emperor.

Name the religions that were practiced in China during the Postclassical Era.

Buddhism, Neo-Confucianism and Daoism

What is a shogun?

A military ruler installed in Japan in 1192 by the Minamoto clan.

How did Korea differ from China in terms of social mobility?

Maintaining a more powerful landed aristocracy.

What were the social structures of Vietnam like from c. 1200 to c. 1450?

Greater independence for women and village independence from the national government.

Name the Innovations of Dar al-Islam from c. 1200 to c. 1450.

Math, Literature and Medicine

How were merchants viewed in Islamic society from c. 1200 to c. 1450?

Islamic society viewed merchants as more prestigious than did other societies in Europe and Asia.

Name the rights that Muslim women enjoyed more than Christian or Jewish women.

Allowed to inherit property, retain ownership after marriage, remarry if widowed, receive a cash settlement if divorced and practice birth control.

What was Islamic rule in Spain like?

Muslims ruled Spain creating a climate of toleration, with Muslims, Christians, and Jews coexisting peacefully.

Which kingdom reigned over southern India for more than 400 years (850-1267)?

The Chola Dynasty.

Which empire brought Islam into India?

Bringing Islam into India, the Delhi Sultanate reigned for 300 years, from the 13th through the 16th centuries.

What are the differences between Hinduism and Islam?

Praying to many gods vs. monotheism, visual representation of deities vs. disapproval, hierarchical caste system vs. equality of all believers, and recognition of several sacred texts vs. only the Quran.

How did the arrival of Islam affect the social structures in South Asia?

The arrival of Islam did little to alter the basic structure of society in South Asia and India's caste system is its strongest historical continuity.

What lands make up Southeast Asia?

Today's Indonesia, Malaysia, Cambodia, Thailand, Laos, and Vietnam.

Name the sea-based kingdoms.

The Srivijaya Empire (Hindu) and the Majapahit Kingdom (Buddhist).

Which land-based kingdom in Southeast Asia was known for its complex irrigation and drainage systems?

The Khmer Empire.

Which civilization was the first large-scale civilization in North America?

The Mississippian Culture.

What was the main form of government for the Maya?

The city-state, each ruled by a king and consisting of a city and its surrounding territory.

Who were the Aztecs?

They were originally hunter-gatherers who migrated to central Mexico from the north in the 1200s.

What type of government did the Aztecs have?

A theocracy, in which religious leaders held the power.

What was the Incan labor system called?

They were subject to the mit'a system, mandatory public service.

What heavily formed the development of Sub-Saharan Africa?

The migrations of Bantu-speaking people outward from west-central Africa.

How were communities organized in Inland Africa?

Kin-based networks.

On what did Zimbabwe build its prosperity?

Agriculture, grazing, trade, and gold.

Around what structures were Sub-Saharan Africa's small communities organized?

Kinship, age, and gender.

What were the storytellers called who were the conduits of history for a community?

Griots.

What did feudalism and the manorial system provide?

Feudalism provided some security for peasants, equipment for warriors, and land to those who worked for a lord and the manorial system provided economic self-sufficiency and defense.

Name the three legal classes, or estates, in France?

The clergy, nobility, and commoners.

What was the Great Schism?

The Great Schism split the Christian Church into Roman Catholics and Eastern Orthodox.

What is the Holy Land and where is it located?

The Holy Land, the region of Palestine in the Middle East.

Who was included in the bourgeoisie, or middle class?

Shopkeepers, craftspeople, merchants, and small landholders.

What was the Renaissance?

A revival of interest in classical Greek and Roman literature, culture, art, and civic virtue.

What is humanism?

The focus on individuals rather than God

Name state-building activities.

The Song Dynasty in China, rulers of Mali in Africa, Aztecs in the Americas, Incas in the Americas, and Kings in Europe.

Name some emergent States on land once controlled by another empire

Mamluk Empire, Seljuk Empire and Delhi Sultanate

What caused the growth of exchange networks?

The Crusades and the Rise of the Mongol Empire

How did China manage the increasing trade?

China developed a system of credit known as flying cash.

Name Improvements in Transportation from c. 1200 to c. 1450.

Saddles for camels, rudder and magnetic compass.

What were key aspects of leadership by Genghis Khan of the Mongolian Empire?

He instituted a policy of religious tolerance throughout the empire and established new trade channels between Asia, the Middle East, Africa, and Europe.

Describe the Expansion of the Exchange of the Indian Ocean from c. 1200 to c. 1450.

Spread of Islam, increased demand for specialized products, trade of enslaved people, advances in maritime technology and growth of States.

Name the most common merchants of the Indian Ocean from c. 1200 to c. 1450.

Islamic, Hindu, and Chinese merchants.

What is a diasporic community and why were they common in the Indian Ocean Trade?

Diasporic Communities: As a natural result of waiting for favorable winds for travel, these merchants interacted with the surrounding cultures and peoples of the region.

What was the most precious commodity traded across the trans-Saharan trade routes?

Gold.

Name the great cities that accumulated the most wealth across the Trans-Saharan Trade Routes.

Timbuktu and Gao.

What was the influence of Buddhism on East Asian Culture?

Buddhism came to China from its birthplace in India via the Silk Roads.

What scientific ad technological innovations were brought back from Dar al-Islam?

Islamic scholars translated Greek literary classics into Arabic, saving the works of Aristotle and other Greek thinkers and scholars also brought back mathematics texts from India and techniques for papermaking from China.

What is an example of population that put pressure on resources?

Overgrazing outside of Great Zimbabwe.

How did the Mongol Conquests contribute to the Spread of Epidemics through Exchange Networks?

The Mongol conquests helped to transmit the fleas that carried the Bubonic Plague (AKA the Black Death) from southern China to Central Asia, and from there to Southeast Asia and Europe.

What gave rise to trading cities?

The trade routes all gave rise to trading cities, the “knots” that held the network together.