AP Biology - Unit 4: Energy (Aerobic Cellular Respiration)

why do we need energy

why do we need energy

maintain homeostasis, grow, reproduce, ect

where does all energy come from

the sun

primary energy molecule

ATP

aerobic cellular respiration equation

C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O

what is the lost energy

heat

redox reaction

chemical reaction involving transfer of electrons reduction = gaining oxidation = losing FOLLOW THE H+ ION

5 cellular respiration steps

1. glycolysis

2. pyruvate oxidation

3. kreb/citric acid cycle

4. ECT

5. chemiosmosis

glycolysis

in cytoplasm, breakdown of sugar into 2 pyruvate, 10 step enzymatic process NET GAIN = 2ATP and 2NADH

pyruvate oxidation

pyruvate gets oxidized into acetyl CoA, goes from cytoplasm ito mitochondrial matrix, NET GAIN = 2NADH, CO2

kreb cycle

in matrix, makes ATP, NADH and FADH NET GAIN = 2ATP, 4CO2, 2FADH, 6NADH

ECT

happens in intramembrane space/matrix, requires 4 protein complexes that pump H+ into space (taken from NADH and FADH), makes concentration gradient NET GAIN = H2O

Chemiosmosis

H+ ions flow back into matrix through ATP synthase, converts ADP into ATP 1NADH = 2.5 ATP 1FADH = 1.5 ATP NET NET GAIN = 30~32 ATP