CNA Vocab: Block 6

Physical

involving the body

Psychosocial

involving social interaction, emotions, intellect, and spirituality

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

Maslow’s pyramid reflects the belief that the more basic, lower-level needs to be met before the higher-level needs can be met. needs in order of importance — physiological, safety and security, love and belonging, self-esteem, self-actualization

Sex

Refers to a person’s biological status and is typically assigned at birth, usually on the basis of external anatomy.

Sexuality

capacity for sexual feelings

Sexual Orientation

a person’s sexual identity in relation to the gender which they are attracted; the fact of being heterosexual, homosexual, or bisexual.

Gender

the behavioral, cultural, or psychological traits typically associated with one sex.

Gender Identity

a personal conception of oneself as male, female, both, or neither.

Gender Pronouns

words, used to refer to oneself or others, that a person asks others to use in reference to themselves.

Safety

the condition of being protected from or unlikely to cause danger, risk, or injury

Security

the state of being free from danger or threat.

Belonging

be a member or part of a particular group, organization, or class.

Self Esteem

confidence in one’s own worth or abilities; self-respect

Religion

The belief in and worship of a superhuman controlling power, especially a personal God or gods.

Spiritual

relating to or affecting the human spirit or soul as opposed to material or physical things.

Belief

An acceptance that a statement is true or that something exists.

Faith

A strong belief in God or in the doctrines of a religion, based on spiritual apprehension rather than proof.

Clergy

The body of all people ordained for religious duties, especially in the Christian church

Values

A person’s principles or standards of behavior; one’s judgement of what is important in life.

Holistic Care

A type of care that involves caring for the whole person—the mind as well as the body.

Self-Care Deficit

Impaired ability to perform basic self-care (activities of daily living) in the areas of feeding, bathing/hygiene, dressing/grooming, and toileting

Cultural Diversity

The different groups of people with varied backgrounds and experiences who live together in the world.

Bias

A prejudice in favor of or against one thing, person, or group compared with another, usually in a way considered to be unfair.

Race

Refers to groups of people who have differences and similarities in biological traits deemed by society to be socially significant, meaning that people treat other people differently because of them.

Ethnicity

One aspect of a person’s identity, often reflecting a combination of race, culture, language, nationality, and other factors.

Culture

A system of learned behaviors, practiced by a group of people, that is considered to be the tradition of that people and is passed on from one generation to the next.

Customs

a group pattern of habitual activity usually transmitted from one generation to another.

Diversity

the inevitable variety in customs, attitudes, practices, and behavior that exists among groups of people from different ethnic, racial, or national backgrounds who come into contact.

Culturally Sensitive Care

Care that is given while being aware that cultural differences and similarities between people exist without assigning them a value - positive or negative, better or worse, right or wrong.

Intellectual Disability

a disability characterized by significant limitations in both intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior,

Autism

A mental condition, present from early childhood, characterized by difficulty in communicating and forming relationships with other people and in using language and abstract concept.

Cerebral Palsy

A condition marked by impaired muscle coordination (spastic paralysis) and/or other disabilities, typically caused by damage to the brain before or at birth.

Down Syndrome

A congenital disorder arising from a chromosome defect, causing intellectual impairment and physical abnormalities including short stature and a broad facial profile.

Depression

Feelings of severe despondency and dejection

Bipolar Disorder

A type of depression that causes a person to swing from periods of deep depression to periods of extreme activity; also called manic-depressive illness.

Mania

A mental illness marked by periods of great excitement, euphoria, delusions, and overactivity

Anxiety

uneasiness or fear, often about a situation or condition

Phobia

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

An anxiety disorder characterized by obsessive behavior or thoughts.

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

A mental health condition that’s triggered by a terrifying event — either experiencing it or witnessing it, symptoms may include flashbacks, nightmares, and severe anxiety, as well as uncontrollable thoughts about the event.

Schizophrenia

A form of mental illness that affects a person’s ability to think, communicate, make decisions, and understand reality.

Substance Abuse

The repeated use of legal or illegal substances in a way that is harmful to oneself or others.

Suicide

Taking one’s own life

Terminal Illness/Terminally Ill

A disease or condition that will eventually lead to death.

Advance Directive

Legal documents that allow people to choose what medical care they wish to have if they are unable to make those decisions themselves.

Living Will

a document that outlines the medical care a person wants or does not want in case he or she becomes unable to make those decisions.

Power of Attorney

a signed, dated, and witnessed legal document that appoints someone else to make decisions for a person in the event he or she becomes unable to do so.

Do Not Resuscitate (DNR)

A type of advance directive that instructs medical professionals not to perform CPR if a person’s heartbeat or breathing stops.

POLST (Physician Order of Life Sustaining Treatment)

This is an approach to improving end-of-life care in the US, encouraging providers to speak with patients and create specific medical orders to be honored by healthcare workers during a medical crisis.

Life Support Systems

A artificial or natural system that provides all or some of the items, such as oxygen, food, water, control of temperature and pressure, disposition of carbon dioxide, and body wastes, necessary for maintaining life

Sympathy

Sharing in the feelings and difficulties of others

Spiritual Needs

These needs include the accommodation of cultural, religious, spiritual, and personal values as well as religious and other spiritual practices.

Dignity

The state or quality of being worthy of honor or respect

Empathy

Identifying with the feelings of others.

Cheyne-Stokes

Alternating periods of slow, irregular breathing and rapid, shallow breathing.

Mottling

An irregular arrangement of spots or patches of color.

Expire

To die

Postmortem Care

Relating to after death; also refers to an examination of a dead body to determine the cause of death.

Rigor Mortis

Stiffening of the joints and muscles of a body a few hours after death, usually lasting from one to four days.

Hospice

Holistic, compassionate care given to dying people and their families.

Palliative Care

Care that focuses on the comfort and dignity of the person, rather than on curing them.

Religious Food Restrictions

• Buddhists = vegetarian/pescatarian

• Catholics/Roman Catholics = No meat on Fridays during Lent

• Jewish = Kosher; no pork or shellfish

• Mormons = No tea, coffee, tobacco

• Muslims = No pork, certain birds, or alcohol. Often practice fasting

Halal

Things that are permissible or lawful under Shariah

Normal v. Not normal parts of aging

Normal:

• thin/dry skin

• wrinkles

• brittle bones

• slower response time and reflexes

• short term memory loss

• decreased blood oxygen

• weakened immunity

• decrease in appetite

Not Normal:

• Depression

• Inability to think logically

• poor nutrition

• shortness of breath

• Incontinence

Apathy

Lack of interest

Treating Dying Residents with Dignity

• Respect their wishes

• do not isolate or avoid

• do not make promises

• listen if they want to talk

• do not babble or act especially cheerful or sad

• keep them comfy

• assure privacy when desired

• respect privacy of family and visitors

• help family’s physical comfort

Caring for Dying Resident

• Diminished senses, so keep lights low, hearing is usually last to go

• Care of mouth and nose = mouth care every 2 hours

• skin care = kept clean and dry and sheets wrinkle free

• comfort = pain relief is critical, observe for any signs of pain

• environment = keep them in comfortable surroundings

• spiritual = They may need someone to listen to them more than anything else 

Influencing Factors on feelings towards death

• experience with death

• personality type

• religious beliefs

• cultural backgrounds

• family relationships

• unresolved issues

• financial concerns

signs to look for in residents with mental illness

• changes in ability

• positive or negative mood changes (withdrawal)

• behavior changes

• comments abt hurting themselves or others

• failure to take medicine

• real or imagines physical symptoms

As death approaches

• blurred/failing vision

• unfocused eyes

• impaired speech

• diminished sense of touch

• loss of movement, muscle tone, and feeling

• rising body temperature or below normal temperature

• decreasing bp

• weak pulse

• slow/irregular respirations

• rattling or gurgling sound when breathing

• cold/pale/skin

• perspiration

• disorientation or confusion

Body After Death

• Rigor Mortis may make this difficult

• talk to the nurse if you need assistance

• bathe the body gently. place drainage pads where needed

• do not remove tubes or other equipment

• put in dentures if instructed by the nurse

• close the eyes

• position the body

• put a small pillow under their head

• follow facility policy

• strip the bed after body is gone

• open window to air the room. straighten room

• respect wishes of family and friends

• document the procedure

Family Response

• Shock: Especially at ones’ own feelings

• Denial: Usually lasts a short time

• Anger: At themselves, God, doctors, or even the person who died

• Guilt: withing they had done more, guilty they are still living

• Regret: for what they did or didn’t do

• Relief: their loved one is no longer suffering, and they no longer have that responsibility

• sadness: depression, headaches, or insomnia

• loneliness: missing the person and having painful memories

Goals of Hospice

• Be good listener

• Respect privacy and independence

• be sensitive to individual needs

• be aware of your own feelings

• take a break if you need one

• recognize the stress