Recording-2024-12-13T15:27:01.638Z

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Biology

60 Terms

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20

What is the function of a peptide bond?

It holds amino acids together in proteins.

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21

What does an anabolic reaction do?

It builds larger molecules from smaller units.

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22

What are introns?

Non-coding segments of a gene removed during mRNA processing.

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What are exons?

Coding segments of a gene that are retained and expressed in mRNA.

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What is the purpose of the 5' cap in mRNA?

It aids in mRNA stability and ribosome attachment.

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What is a poly-A tail?

A sequence of adenine nucleotides added to the 3' end of mRNA for protection against degradation.

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26

What type of molecule is a triglyceride?

A lipid made up of three fatty acids attached to glycerol.

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27

What is a phospholipid?

A major component of cell membranes, consisting of two fatty acids, a glycerol unit, and a phosphate group.

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What function does glycogen serve in animals?

It acts as a form of energy storage.

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What role does cellulose play in plants?

It serves as a structural component in plant cell walls.

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30

The process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy is called __________.

Photosynthesis.

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The basic unit of life is the __________.

Cell.

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A __________ is an organism that can make its own food using sunlight or chemicals.

Autotroph.

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The smallest unit of an element that retains the properties of that element is called an __________.

Atom.

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The __________ is the part of the cell responsible for controlling what enters and exits the cell.

Cell membrane.

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In eukaryotic cells, the __________ contains the genetic material.

Nucleus.

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The energy currency of the cell is __________.

ATP.

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During cellular respiration, glucose is broken down into __________ to release energy.

Carbon dioxide and water.

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The __________ structure is responsible for synthesizing proteins within the cell.

Ribosome.

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In a chemical reaction, the substances that are changed are called __________.

Reactants.

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Cell Theory

The theory that all living things are composed of cells, which are the basic units of life.

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Mitosis

The process of cell division that results in two genetically identical daughter cells.

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Meiosis

A type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, resulting in four genetically diverse gametes.

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Chromosome

A structure made of DNA and protein that contains genetic information.

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Gene

A segment of DNA that contains the instructions for building a protein.

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RNA (Ribonucleic Acid)

A single-stranded nucleic acid that plays a role in protein synthesis and gene expression.

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ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)

The primary energy carrier in cells.

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Fermentation

A metabolic process that converts sugars to acids, gases, or alcohol in the absence of oxygen.

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Enzyme

A protein that acts as a catalyst to speed up chemical reactions in the body.

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Substrate

The reactant on which an enzyme works.

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Homeostasis

The maintenance of stable internal conditions in an organism.

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Diffusion

The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

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Active Transport

The movement of molecules across a cell membrane using energy, typically against their concentration gradient.

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Phagocytosis

A type of endocytosis where large particles or cells are engulfed by a cell.

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Antigen

A molecule that is recognized by the immune system as foreign, prompting an immune response.

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Amino Acid

The building blocks of proteins, consisting of an amino group, a carboxyl group, and a variable side chain.

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Vesicle

A small membrane-bound sac that transports materials within a cell.

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Signal Transduction

The process by which a cell responds to external signals through a series of molecular events.

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Mutation

A change in the DNA sequence that can lead to changes in protein function.

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Feedback Mechanism

A regulatory system in which the output of a process influences its operation.

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Biomolecule

A molecule that is produced by living organisms, including proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids.

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