APUSH Chapters 26+27

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts from the Civil Rights Movement and significant developments in American political history through the late 20th century.

Civil Rights Movement

A movement aimed at ending racial discrimination and promoting equal rights for African Americans.

Brown v. Board of Education

A landmark 1954 Supreme Court case that declared racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional.

Desegregation

The process of ending the separation of two groups, particularly races.

Massive Resistance

A strategy by some Southern states to resist the desegregation mandated by the Brown v. Board decision.

Rosa Parks

Civil rights activist known for refusing to give up her bus seat, sparking the Montgomery Bus Boycott.

Martin Luther King Jr.

A prominent leader in the Civil Rights Movement known for his non-violent approach and 'I Have a Dream' speech.

Direct Action

Strategic actions taken to achieve social or political change, often outside the bounds of established political channels.

Non-violent resistance

A method of protest that seeks to bring about change without using violence.

The March on Washington

A massive civil rights rally held in 1963, where Martin Luther King Jr. delivered his famous 'I Have a Dream' speech.

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Legislation that outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

Marcus Garvey

A civil rights leader who advocated for the movement of African Americans to Africa and established the UNIA.

Pan-Africanism

A movement aiming to unify African people and promote their interests worldwide.

Malcolm X

A civil rights activist known for his advocacy of Black empowerment and his controversial stance on violence.

Black Power

A political movement emphasizing racial pride and the creation of black political and cultural institutions.

Black Panther Party

A revolutionary organization founded in 1966 to protect African American neighborhoods from police brutality.

Nixon's Law and Order

A campaign approach emphasizing strict law enforcement and a crackdown on civil disorder.

Silent Majority

A term used by President Nixon to describe the large group of Americans who did not publicly vocalize their opinions.

Affirmative Action

Policies aimed at increasing the representation of historically marginalized groups in areas like education and employment.

The Warren Court

The Supreme Court under Chief Justice Earl Warren, known for its liberal decisions expanding civil rights.

The Burger Court

The Supreme Court under Chief Justice Warren Burger, which saw a retreat from some liberal decisions of the Warren Court.

Reaganomics

Economic policy under President Reagan characterized by tax cuts, decreased social spending, and deregulation.

Iran-Contra Affair

A political scandal during Reagan's presidency involving the secret sale of arms to Iran to fund Contra rebels in Nicaragua.

Realpolitik

A political philosophy that emphasizes practical and pragmatic approaches rather than ideological considerations.

Vietnamization

The U.S. strategy during the Vietnam War aimed at shifting responsibility to the South Vietnamese forces.

Watergate Scandal

A political scandal involving a break-in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters and subsequent cover-up.

Helsinki Accords

A 1975 agreement aimed at improving relations between the Communist bloc and the West.

Stagflation

An economic condition characterized by stagnant economic growth, high unemployment, and high inflation.

Operation Eagle Claw

A failed U.S. military mission to rescue the hostages from the Iranian embassy in 1980.

Malaise Speech

Jimmy Carter's speech in which he addressed the sense of stagnation in America during his presidency.

Camp David Accords

A peace agreement between Israel and Egypt brokered by President Carter in 1978.

3 Mile Island Incident

A partial meltdown of a reactor in Pennsylvania in 1979 that raised concerns about nuclear energy safety.

The Reagan Revolution

The shift towards conservative policies in the U.S. during Reagan's presidency.

Glasnost

The Soviet policy of openness and transparency initiated by Gorbachev.

Perestroika

The restructuring of the Soviet economy and political system initiated by Gorbachev.

Newt Gingrich

A prominent Republican leader known for his 'Contract with America' during the 1994 congressional elections.

NAFTA

The North American Free Trade Agreement aimed at eliminating trade barriers between the U.S., Canada, and Mexico.

Enron Syndrome

A term describing corporate corruption and scandal, particularly referencing the Enron scandal of the 2000s.

Multiculturalism

A perspective that recognizes and values diverse cultural backgrounds and experiences.

Globalization

The process of increasing interconnectedness and interdependence among countries and cultures.

Stock Market Boom and Bust

Fluctuations in the stock market characterized by periods of rapid growth followed by significant downturns.

Homelessness Crisis

An increase in homelessness in the U.S. during the 1980s, partially due to cuts in social services.

AIDS Epidemic

A public health crisis in the 1980s marked by the emergence of HIV/AIDS, often stigmatized as a 'gay plague.'},{

The Cultural Wars

Social and political controversies in the U.S. regarding culture, including issues of race, gender, and identity.