Unit 5: Revolutions (1750-1900)

Flashcards for Unit 5 Revolutions (1750-1900)

The Enlightenment

An intellectual movement in 18th-century Europe promoting reason to challenge traditional ideas and institutions.

Natural Rights

Rights inherent to all humans, including life, liberty, and property.

John Locke

Philosopher who advocated for natural rights.

Voltaire

Philosopher who advocated for freedom of speech.

Rousseau

Philosopher known for the concept of the social contract.

American Revolution

Revolution where colonists sought independence from British rule.

French Revolution

Revolution that overthrew the monarchy, leading to radical social and political change.

Haitian Revolution

Revolution in which enslaved Africans led a successful revolt against French colonial rule.

Latin American Revolutions

Leaders like Simón Bolívar fought for independence from Spanish rule.

Industrial Revolution

Began in Britain due to access to coal, iron, and capital.

Mechanization

Introduction of machinery, resulting in mass production.

Steam Engine

Significant invention of the Industrial Revolution.

Spinning Jenny

Significant invention of the Industrial Revolution.

Power Loom

Significant invention of the Industrial Revolution.

Industrialization Spreads

Government involvement in promoting industrial growth (e.g., Meiji Restoration in Japan).

Rise of Factory System

Led to urbanization and changes in labor.

Emergence of Labor Unions

Advocated for workers’ rights.

Urbanization

Shift in the population toward cities.

Capitalism

Private ownership and free markets.

Socialism

Advocated for public ownership to address inequalities.

Communism

Karl Marx’s theory aiming for a classless society