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Radio
Technology using radio waves for communication, leading to mass broadcasting.
Internet
A global network that replaced older communication systems, enabling rapid information exchange.
Green Revolution
Agricultural advancements increasing crop yields, especially in developing countries.
Crossbreeding
Mixing different plant or animal species to enhance traits.
Genetic Engineering
Direct modification of an organism's DNA to improve characteristics.
Shipping Containers
Standardized metal boxes improving global trade efficiency by transporting goods faster.
Antibiotic
Drugs like penicillin that treat bacterial infections.
Birth Control
Methods allowing women to regulate family size and fertility.
Fertility Rates
The number of children born per woman, influenced by medical and social factors.
Vaccine
Medical treatment preventing diseases by stimulating immune responses.
Pandemic
A disease outbreak that spreads globally.
Smallpox
A deadly viral disease eradicated by vaccines.
Malaria
A mosquito-borne disease affecting tropical regions.
Doctors Without Borders
A humanitarian group providing medical aid worldwide.
Tuberculosis
A bacterial infection that affects the lungs.
Cholera
A waterborne disease causing severe dehydration.
Jonas Salk
Developed the first polio vaccine.
Albert Sabin
Created the oral polio vaccine.
Polio
A virus that can cause paralysis, now controlled by vaccines.
AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome)
A disease that weakens the immune system, caused by HIV.
HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)
The virus that leads to AIDS.
Ebola
A deadly virus causing severe hemorrhagic fever.
Heart Disease
A leading cause of death linked to lifestyle and genetics.
Alzheimer's Disease
A progressive disorder affecting memory and cognition.
Antiretroviral Drugs
Medications used to treat HIV/AIDS.
Heart Transplant
A surgical procedure replacing a failing heart.
Christiaan Barnard
Performed the first successful heart transplant.
Robert Jarvik
Developed the first artificial heart.
Artificial Heart
A mechanical device replacing heart function.
Green Party
A political movement focusing on environmental policies.
Green Belt Movement
A Kenyan environmental initiative promoting tree planting.
Deforestation
Large-scale destruction of forests.
Desertification
The spread of deserts due to environmental damage.
Air Quality
A measure of pollution in the atmosphere.
Greenhouse Gases
Emissions that trap heat, contributing to climate change.
Fossil Fuels
Energy sources like coal and oil that release carbon emissions.
Water Scarcity
A lack of fresh water due to overuse and climate change.
Renewable Energy
Sustainable power sources like solar and wind energy.
Global Warming
The long-term rise in Earth's temperature.
Carbon Footprint
The total greenhouse gases produced by human activities.
Anthropocene
A proposed geological era defined by human impact on the environment.
Kyoto Protocol
A treaty aiming to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Paris Agreement
An international accord to combat climate change.
Economic Liberalization
The reduction of government control in economic markets.
Free Market
An economy driven by supply and demand with minimal government interference.
Asian Tigers
Economies of Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan known for rapid growth.
NAFTA
A trade agreement between the U.S., Canada, and Mexico.
Maquiladora
Factories in Mexico producing goods for export.
Mercosur
A South American trade alliance promoting economic integration.
ASEAN
A regional economic and political organization in Southeast Asia.
GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade)
A treaty to promote international trade by reducing tariffs.
Protective Tariff
Taxes on imports to protect domestic industries.
WTO (World Trade Organization)
Regulates global trade agreements.
Ronald Reagan
U.S. president advocating free-market policies.
Margaret Thatcher
British prime minister promoting economic liberalization.
Deng Xiaoping
Chinese leader who introduced economic reforms.
Augusto Pinochet
Chilean dictator who implemented free-market policies.
Tiananmen Square
Site of pro-democracy protests in China.
Knowledge Economy
An economy based on information and technology.
Multinational Corporation
Companies operating in multiple countries.
Microsoft
A major global technology corporation.
A multinational company specializing in internet services.
Mahindra & Mahindra
An Indian multinational conglomerate.
Nestlé
A multinational food and beverage corporation.
Nelson Mandela
Leader against apartheid in South Africa.
Negritude
A movement celebrating African culture and identity.
Leopold Senghor
A poet and politician who promoted Negritude.
Pope Francis
A Catholic leader advocating for social justice.
Liberation Theology
A religious movement focused on helping the poor.
W. E. B. DuBois
An activist advocating for African American rights.
Desmond Tutu
A South African bishop fighting apartheid.
F. W. de Klerk
The last apartheid-era president of South Africa.
Wangari Maathai
Founder of the Green Belt Movement.
Earth Day
An annual event promoting environmental awareness.
Greenpeace
An organization advocating for environmental protection.
Green Belt Movement
A Kenyan initiative for tree planting and sustainability.
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
A U.N. document outlining fundamental human rights.
UNICEF
A U.N. agency focusing on children's welfare.
International Court of Justice
A U.N. court resolving international disputes.
Human Rights
The basic rights and freedoms of all people.
Refugees
People forced to flee their homes due to conflict or persecution.
Civil Rights Act
U.S. legislation prohibiting racial discrimination.
Voting Rights Act
A law ensuring voting rights for minorities in the U.S.
Apartheid
A system of racial segregation in South Africa.
Pass Laws
Laws restricting movement of nonwhite South Africans.
ANC (African National Congress)
A political party that fought apartheid.
Pariah State
A country ostracized by the international community.
Truth and Reconciliation Commission
A South African body addressing apartheid crimes.
Dalits
The lowest caste in India's social system.
Caste Reservation System
Policies providing benefits to lower castes in India.
Olympic Games
A global sporting event held every four years.
World Cup
An international soccer tournament.
NBA (National Basketball Association)
A professional basketball league in the U.S.
Consumer Culture
A society focused on mass consumption of goods.
Modernism
A cultural movement embracing innovation.
Popular Culture
Trends in entertainment and lifestyle widely followed.
Bollywood
India's film industry.
Anime
A Japanese style of animated media.
Reggae
A music genre from Jamaica.
K-pop
South Korean popular music.
