AP World History Unit 9 Vocabulary

Radio

Technology using radio waves for communication, leading to mass broadcasting.

Internet

A global network that replaced older communication systems, enabling rapid information exchange.

Green Revolution

Agricultural advancements increasing crop yields, especially in developing countries.

Crossbreeding

Mixing different plant or animal species to enhance traits.

Genetic Engineering

Direct modification of an organism's DNA to improve characteristics.

Shipping Containers

Standardized metal boxes improving global trade efficiency by transporting goods faster.

Antibiotic

Drugs like penicillin that treat bacterial infections.

Birth Control

Methods allowing women to regulate family size and fertility.

Fertility Rates

The number of children born per woman, influenced by medical and social factors.

Vaccine

Medical treatment preventing diseases by stimulating immune responses.

Pandemic

A disease outbreak that spreads globally.

Smallpox

A deadly viral disease eradicated by vaccines.

Malaria

A mosquito-borne disease affecting tropical regions.

Doctors Without Borders

A humanitarian group providing medical aid worldwide.

Tuberculosis

A bacterial infection that affects the lungs.

Cholera

A waterborne disease causing severe dehydration.

Jonas Salk

Developed the first polio vaccine.

Albert Sabin

Created the oral polio vaccine.

Polio

A virus that can cause paralysis, now controlled by vaccines.

AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome)

A disease that weakens the immune system, caused by HIV.

HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)

The virus that leads to AIDS.

Ebola

A deadly virus causing severe hemorrhagic fever.

Heart Disease

A leading cause of death linked to lifestyle and genetics.

Alzheimer's Disease

A progressive disorder affecting memory and cognition.

Antiretroviral Drugs

Medications used to treat HIV/AIDS.

Heart Transplant

A surgical procedure replacing a failing heart.

Christiaan Barnard

Performed the first successful heart transplant.

Robert Jarvik

Developed the first artificial heart.

Artificial Heart

A mechanical device replacing heart function.

Green Party

A political movement focusing on environmental policies.

Green Belt Movement

A Kenyan environmental initiative promoting tree planting.

Deforestation

Large-scale destruction of forests.

Desertification

The spread of deserts due to environmental damage.

Air Quality

A measure of pollution in the atmosphere.

Greenhouse Gases

Emissions that trap heat, contributing to climate change.

Fossil Fuels

Energy sources like coal and oil that release carbon emissions.

Water Scarcity

A lack of fresh water due to overuse and climate change.

Renewable Energy

Sustainable power sources like solar and wind energy.

Global Warming

The long-term rise in Earth's temperature.

Carbon Footprint

The total greenhouse gases produced by human activities.

Anthropocene

A proposed geological era defined by human impact on the environment.

Kyoto Protocol

A treaty aiming to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

Paris Agreement

An international accord to combat climate change.

Economic Liberalization

The reduction of government control in economic markets.

Free Market

An economy driven by supply and demand with minimal government interference.

Asian Tigers

Economies of Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan known for rapid growth.

NAFTA

A trade agreement between the U.S., Canada, and Mexico.

Maquiladora

Factories in Mexico producing goods for export.

Mercosur

A South American trade alliance promoting economic integration.

ASEAN

A regional economic and political organization in Southeast Asia.

GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade)

A treaty to promote international trade by reducing tariffs.

Protective Tariff

Taxes on imports to protect domestic industries.

WTO (World Trade Organization)

Regulates global trade agreements.

Ronald Reagan

U.S. president advocating free-market policies.

Margaret Thatcher

British prime minister promoting economic liberalization.

Deng Xiaoping

Chinese leader who introduced economic reforms.

Augusto Pinochet

Chilean dictator who implemented free-market policies.

Tiananmen Square

Site of pro-democracy protests in China.

Knowledge Economy

An economy based on information and technology.

Multinational Corporation

Companies operating in multiple countries.

Microsoft

A major global technology corporation.

Google

A multinational company specializing in internet services.

Mahindra & Mahindra

An Indian multinational conglomerate.

Nestlé

A multinational food and beverage corporation.

Nelson Mandela

Leader against apartheid in South Africa.

Negritude

A movement celebrating African culture and identity.

Leopold Senghor

A poet and politician who promoted Negritude.

Pope Francis

A Catholic leader advocating for social justice.

Liberation Theology

A religious movement focused on helping the poor.

W. E. B. DuBois

An activist advocating for African American rights.

Desmond Tutu

A South African bishop fighting apartheid.

F. W. de Klerk

The last apartheid-era president of South Africa.

Wangari Maathai

Founder of the Green Belt Movement.

Earth Day

An annual event promoting environmental awareness.

Greenpeace

An organization advocating for environmental protection.

Green Belt Movement

A Kenyan initiative for tree planting and sustainability.

Universal Declaration of Human Rights

A U.N. document outlining fundamental human rights.

UNICEF

A U.N. agency focusing on children's welfare.

International Court of Justice

A U.N. court resolving international disputes.

Human Rights

The basic rights and freedoms of all people.

Refugees

People forced to flee their homes due to conflict or persecution.

Civil Rights Act

U.S. legislation prohibiting racial discrimination.

Voting Rights Act

A law ensuring voting rights for minorities in the U.S.

Apartheid

A system of racial segregation in South Africa.

Pass Laws

Laws restricting movement of nonwhite South Africans.

ANC (African National Congress)

A political party that fought apartheid.

Pariah State

A country ostracized by the international community.

Truth and Reconciliation Commission

A South African body addressing apartheid crimes.

Dalits

The lowest caste in India's social system.

Caste Reservation System

Policies providing benefits to lower castes in India.

Olympic Games

A global sporting event held every four years.

World Cup

An international soccer tournament.

NBA (National Basketball Association)

A professional basketball league in the U.S.

Consumer Culture

A society focused on mass consumption of goods.

Modernism

A cultural movement embracing innovation.

Popular Culture

Trends in entertainment and lifestyle widely followed.

Bollywood

India's film industry.

Anime

A Japanese style of animated media.

Reggae

A music genre from Jamaica.

K-pop

South Korean popular music.