Chapter 12/13

What was the U.S. economy based on before the Industrial Revolution?

Farming

How did canals and railroads benefit people in the Northeast?

Improved trade

Which inventions most directly contributed to changing the landscape of the Midwest from prairie to farmland?

mechanical reaper, steel-tipped plow

How did industrialization contribute to the growth of Northern cities in the early 1800s?

Factories drew workers, increasing city size + waterways

What was the main reason Irish people immigrated to the United States between 1840 and 1860?

famine

Where did most immigrants to the United States come from between 1840 and 1860?

Ireland

How did the cotton gin influence cotton production in the South?

Clean cotton 50x faster

Which states were major cotton producers by 1860?

Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and SC

What is one reason industry developed slowly in the South?

Profits from cotton was good, building industry is costly

Enslaved African Americans made up approximately what percentage of the Southern population?

33%

What did the slave codes prohibit enslaved people from doing?

Gathering in large groups

How did enslaved people try to resist slavery?

revolts/running North

What were free African Americans in the North allowed to do that free African Americans in the South were not?

Own property

What is a utopia?

communities based on a vision of the perfect society

Horace Mann is known for his work in which field?

education

Which is the best definition of the term civil disobedience?

Refuse to obey unjust laws

What was the goal of the abolitionist movement?

end slavery 

Why did early antislavery societies think that slavery needed to be ended gradually?

Give south time to adjust economically 

How did William Lloyd Garrison contribute to the abolitionist movement?

Started The liberator, a newspaper

What was the Underground Railroad?

network of escape routes from the South to North

What is suffrage?

Right to vote

What demands did women make at the Seneca Falls Convention?

Women can enter male dominant areas of trades professions, business, women suffrage, and end laws discriminating women

What is one example of how women made progress toward equality in the 1800s?

Increased opportunities + Seneca Falls Convention

How did Elizabeth Blackwell break barriers?

Worked for medical school, accepted to Geneva College in NY