Psych Unit 11 Psychopathology Part 1

Psychological disorder

A syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotion, regulation, and/or behavior

Medical Model

Concept that diseases have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and in most cases cured in treatment at a hospital

Epigenetics

Study of Environmental influences on gene expression that occur without a DNA change

DSM-5

The American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, widely used system for classifying psychological disorders.

Attention-deficit/hypersensitivity disorder (ADHD)

Psychological disorder marked by extreme inattention and or hyperactivity and impulsivity

Anxiety disorders

Psychological disorders, characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety of maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety

Social Anxiety disorder

Intense fear and avoidance of social situations

Panic Disorder

Disorder marked by unpredictable minute-long episodes of intense dread in which a person may experience terror and frightening sensations

Agoraphobia

Fear or avoidance of crowds or wide open places, where one has felt loss of control and panic.

Phobia

Persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object, activity, or situation

Obsessive- Compulsive disorder (OCD)

A disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive (obsessive) thoughts, actions, or both.

Posttraumatic- stress disorder (PTSD)

Haunting memories, nightmares, hypervigilance, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, numbness of feeling, and insomnia that lingers 4 weeks after a traumatic experience

Major depressive disorder

A person experiences, in the absence of drugs or another medical condition, two or more weeks with 5 or more symptoms 1. depressed mood or 2. Loss of interest or pleasure

Bipolar disorder

A person alternates between hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania.

Mania

Hyperactive, wildly optimistic state in which dangerously poor judgements is common

Rumination

Compulsive fretting; overthinking our problems and their causes

Schizophrenia

Delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and/or diminished inappropriate emotional expression.

Psychotic disorder

Group of disorders marked by irrational ideas, distorted perceptions, and a loss of contact with reality

Hallucinations

False sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus

Delusion

A false belief, often of persecution or grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders.

Chronic schizophrenia

Symptoms usually appear by late adolescence or early adulthood. As people age, psychotic episodes last longer and recovery periods shorten.

Acute Schizophrenia

Can begin at any age; frequently occurs in response to a traumatic events

Somatic symptom disorder

Symptoms take a somatic (bodily) form without apparent physical cause

Conversion disorder

A person experiences very specific, physical symptoms that are not compatible with recognized medical or neurological conditions

Illness anxiety disorder

A person interprets normal physical sensations as symptoms of a disease

Dissociative disorders

Controversial, rare, disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings

Personality disorders

Inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning

Antisocial personality disorder

A person (usually a man) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, may be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con-artist

Anorexia Nervosa

Eating disorder in which a person ( usually an adolescent female) maintains a starvation diet despite being significantly underweight; sometimes accompanied by excessive exerices.

Bulimia Nervosa

A person’s binge eating is followed by inappropriate weight-loss, promoting behavior, such as vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise

Binge-eating disorder

Significant binge-eating episodes, followed by distress, disgust or guilt, but without the compensatory behavior that marks bulimia nervosa.