BIOL 2460 chapter 1

Hippocrates

-The "father of Western medicine

-Believed that diseases had natural, not supernatural, causes

-Hippocratic corpus & oath

Thucyidies

-The father of scientific history

-Athenian plegue

-Early concept of immunity

Marcus Terentius Varro

-Proposed that things we cannot see cause disease

-Animalia minuta grow in swamps and can enter the eyes and nose causing disease

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

-Father of microbiology

-Observed "animacules" found in a raindrop under a microscope

Louis Pasture

-Discovered that microbes can cause fermentation and spoliage

-Developed vaccines for disesases like rabies

-Invented pasteurization

Robert Koch

-Discovered the bacteria that can cause anthrax (bacillus anthracis), cholera (vibrio cholera), and tuberculosis (myobacterium tuberculosis

-First to establish connetions between specific microbes and specific disesases

Carolus Linnaeus

-Proposed a system for naming organisms using binomial nomenclature

-"Animalia" and "Vegetabilia"

Woese and Fox

-Created a genetic-based tree of life based on the coding of 165 ribosomal RNA sequences

-Archaea

Carl Woese

-Three domain based on r RNA (eukarya, bacteria, archaea)

-Published Systema Naturae, which established a standard format for catagorizing, classifying, and naming living organisms

Ernst Haeckel

-Proposed the idea of 3 kingdoms in the Tree of Life

-Protista, Animalia, vegetables

-Proposed adding the Kingdom of "Monera"

Robert Whittaker

-Added Fungi as a fifth kingdom

Binomial Nomenclature

Two word system thatnames organisms based on genus and species

What must me written first in binomial nomenclature?

The genus

When typed, binomial names are

Italicized

When written, binomial names are

Underlined

Prokaryotes

Bacteria and Archaea

Eukaryotes

Algae, Protozoa, Fungi, Helminth

Acellar Microbes

Viruses and Prions

Archaea

-Unicellular

-Prokaryotic

-Pseudo-peptidoglycan wall

-Cellular

Bacteria

-Unicellular

-Prokaryotic

-Peptidoglycan wall

-Cellular

Algae

-Unicellular or multicellular

-Photosynthetic

-Eukaryotic

-Cellulose wall

Protozoa

-Unicellular

-Eukaryotic

-No wall

Fungi

-Unicellular or Multicellular

-Eukaryotic

-Chitin wall

Helminths

-Multicellular

-Eukaryotic

-No cell wall

Biological classification order

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species