Beef Cattle Prod

American Brahman Four breed

• Gujarat

• Ongole

• Gir

• Krishna valley

Simmental

• Meat and Milk

• Switzerland

Texas Longhorn

• USA

• Longhorn

Chainina

Black angus

• USA

• Meat

• Exotic-Temperate

Wagyu Cattle (Japan)

• Kuroge (Black)

• Akage (Brown)

• Nihon Tankaku (Shorthorn)

• Mukaku (Polled)

Belgian Blue

• Double muscling

• Meat

• Belgium (Transboundary)

• Exotic- temperate

Backyard Raising

Mostly in the Philippines

Extensive system/Ranching

• whole-day grazing

Intensive system

Stall feeding (Complete confinement)

Integration in crop of agriculture

Plantation system

Estrous Cycle

21 day average

Estrous duration

14-18/10-12hrs (local breeds)

Ovulation

10-14 hrs after end of estrus

Breeding methods

• Natural Method

• Artificial Insemination

• Handmating

Bos taurus

Without Humps

Bos indicus

With hump

Forages

The natural cheapest feed for ruminants and includes not only grasses but also legumes

By-products Roughages

Most are highly fibrous (rice straw, corn cobs, sugar cane tops), low in CP and TDN and have poor digestibility

Rectal palpation

The manual examination of the reproduce tract by way of the rectum and colon to verify pregnancy in cattle

Signs of Pregnancy of cattle

• Cessation of estrus or heat

• Enlargement of the abdomen and udder

• Palpation 60-90 days after bbreeding (More reliable pregnancy test)

Fatteners

• Require shorter period to reach slaughter weight

• 1.5-2.0 years old (200-300kg) are preffered

Breeding bull

• Minimum age at breeding must be 2 years old

• Kept out of the herd when offspring reaches breeding age (2.5-3 yrs)

Grower/Stocker

• Maintained in the pasture and provided with salt and other mineral supplements

Cattle identification (PD533)

Anti-cattle Rustling Law of 1974

Dehorning

Makes handling the animals less perilous and conserves space in the feedlot

Castration

• Usually done in ranching systems to prevent mating

• Imoproves carcass quality