NURS 220: Final Exam Study Guide

What is asepsis?

absence of microorganisms

what 3 things are nurses capable of doing?

Reduce spread of disease.

Minimize complications.

Reduce adverse outcomes.

___________________ _________________ is clean technique. Decreases number & transfer of pathogens

Medical asepsis

how can we decrease the spread of microorganisms?

Hand hygiene

Wearing gloves

_________ _______________ is sterile technique. Keeps objects free of microorganisms.

Surgical asepsis

when cleaning something what is one factor to always remember?

Clean from cleanest to dirtiest areas.

when pouring liquids into a drain what should we try not to do?

splash the liquid on ourselves or around the sink/on the outside of the sink.

When opening a sterile pack, how should we open it?

open it directed away from you

Should forceps be dry or wet when using them in a surgical procedure?

completely dry

What are the 5 moments for hand hygiene?

Before touching a patient.

Before a clean or aseptic procedure.

After body fluid exposure risk.

After touching a patient.

After touching patient surroundings

when should we use alcohol-based hand rubs?

Use when hands are not visibly soiled OR there was no contact with blood or body fluids.

Use before & after any patient contact; after patient environment surface contact; after removing gloves.

why do people like using alcohol-based hand rubs?

Easy, Fast acting & typically causes less irritation

when must hand washing be done?

-Hands are visibly soiled

-Hands are contaminated with blood or any body fluid

-Before eating

-After using restroom

-Exposure to certain organisms

Anthrax

Norovirus

Clostridium difficile

When should we practice hand hygiene?

Before & after patient contact.

Prior to putting on gloves or performing any invasive procedure.

After contact with any body fluids, excretions, mucous membranes, non intact skin, or wound dressing.

When moving from an area of contamination to a cleaner area.

After contact with any objects near the patient.

After doffing gloves.

When are standard precautions used?

Used for ALL patients to decrease risk of microorganism transmission.

What are the 3 transmission based precautions?

airborne, droplet, contact

what are some examples of what a patient may have if they're on airborne precautions?

Tuberculosis

Varicella (chicken pox)

Rubeola (measles)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)

when transporting a patient with airborne precautions what should we do?

Use surgical mask for patient transport.

what are some examples of what a patient may have if they're on droplet precautions?

Rubella

Mumps

Diphtheria

Adenovirus

what kind of room should a patient with airborne precautions be in?

private room with negative pressure. Door must stay closed & patient should stay in room.

can the door be open to a patients room that is on droplet precautions?

yes

how far should visitors stay from a patient that is on droplet precautions?

3 feet away

when should contact precautions be used?

patients with excessive wound drainage, fecal incontinence, or other bodily discharges that could indicate increased potential for contamination & transmission.

Use private room.

what is the order of donning PPE?

gown, mask, goggles, face shield, gloves

what is the order of doffing PPE?

gloves, face shield, goggles, gown, mask

what are the restraint guidelines for nonviolent restraints?

after 24 hours the patient must be removed from restraints and if restraints are needed again another doctors order must be ordered

what are the restraint guidelines for violent adults 18 yrs or older?

4 hours

what are the restraint guidelines for violent children/adolescents 9 yo -17 yo?

2 hours

what are the restraint guidelines for violent children less than 9 yrs old?

1 hour

when a person is on restraints what must the nurse do ?

Vital signs must be routinely checked. Personal needs (fluids, nutrition, toileting) must still be addressed every 2 hours for nonviolent. Skin integrity & ROM must be provided every 2 hours for nonviolent. All of these interventions must be documented!

how many fingers should you be able to put in between a restraint and the patients skin?

2

What is 1kg in grams?

1000g

what is 1 gram in mg?

1000mg

what is 1mg in mcg?

1000mcg

a kilogram is ____________ than a gram

greater

a gram is ___________ than a milligram

greater

The physician has ordered 0.4 g of medication. How many milligrams is contained in the medication?

400mg

Order: 500 mg

Supply: 1 g

What conversion do you need to make?

500 mg = 5 g

Order: 0.1 mg

Supply: 200 mcg

You want to convert milligrams to micrograms.

0.1 mg = 100mcg

1 tsp equals how many ml?

5 mL

1 tbsp equals how many mL?

15 mL

1 oz or fl oz equals how many ml?

30 ml

1 cup equals how many ounces?

8 ounces

1 cup equals how many mL?

240-250 milliliters

1 pt equals how many mL?

500 mL

1 qt equals how many mL

1000 mL

1 qt equals how many liters?

1L

2.2 lb equals how many kg?

1 kg

1 lb equals how many ounces?

16 ounces

1 inch equals how many centimeters?

2.54 cm

The order is to administer 10 mL of a medication. How many teaspoons of the medication will you administer to the patient/client?

2 tsp

what does ac mean?

before meals

What does PC mean?

after meals

What does BID mean?

twice a day

What does TID mean?

three times a day

What does QID mean?

four times a day

what does stat mean?

immediately

what does qn mean?

every night

What does qh mean?

every hour

What does q2h mean?

every 2 hours

what does q4h mean?

every 4 hours

What does q6h mean?

every 6 hours

What does q8h mean?

every 8 hours

What does q12h stand for?

every 12 hours

What does PRN stand for?

as needed

What does BIW stand for?

twice per week

military time 2 pm

1400

military time 1:30am

0130

In military time, 9AM is stated as?

0900

military time 9:15pm

2115

military time 6:20 pm

1820

convert standard time to military time

0500

5:00 am

convert standard time to military time

2015

8:15 pm

convert standard time to military time 1745

5:45 pm

convert standard time to military time

1100

11:00 am

convert standard time to military time

1910

7:10 pm

What does parenteral mean?

by injection

What are the parenteral routes?

IM, IV, subcutaneous

Morphine sulfate 15 mg subcutaneously stat and 10 mg q4h prn

what does this mean?

Morphine sulfate 15 mg subcutaneously immediately and 10 mg every 4 hours as needed.

Chloromycetin 0.01% ophthalmic ointment left eye bid

what does this mean?

Chloromycetin 0.01% ophthalmic ointment left eye twice a day.

Ampicillin 1 g IVPB q6h

what does this mean?

Ampicillin 1 gram intravenous piggyback every 6 hours.

when should you assess the skin?

daily & after incontinence.

hygiene

•Personal hygiene maintains personal cleanliness & grooming which promotes physical & psychological wellbeing.

•Varies depending on preferences & abilities.

can a bed bath be delegated?

yes

can you delegate oral care?

yes

what does oral care promote/prevent for the patient?

Promotes well being & prevention of oral cavity deterioration. Prevents gingivitis & caries.

when making an occupied bed what method should you use?

turning method

can you delegate bed making?

yes

what may specialty beds or mattresses not need?

These may not require sheets or may have special pads

what are the importances of nutrition?

•Important for bodily function

•Restores & maintains health

•Disease prevention

Poor nutrition decreases __________

wellness

when hemoglobin is decreased what does that indicate?

anemia

what is decreased with anemia?

hematocrit

what is increased with dehydration?

hematocrit

When is serum albumin decreased?

with malnutrition, higher risk of morbidity & mortality

when is transferrin decreased?

with anemia, protein deficiency

when are lymphocytes decreased?

with impaired nutritional intake or severe debilitating disease

what is increased with blood urea nitrogen?

starvation, high protein intake, severe dehydration

what is decreased with blood urea nitrogen?

malnutrition or over hydration

When is creatinine increased?

dehydration