Lesson 1 - ARTS

Cave of Lascaux

Famous cave paintings from the Prehistoric era dating back 15,000 - 10,000 B.C

Venus of Willendorf

Tall limestone sculpture of a woman during the Prehistoric Period

Venus of Brassempouy

Fragmented ivory head of a female sculpture

Megaliths

Derived from the Greek ‘megas’ (great) and ‘lithos’ (stones)

Menhir

Vertical megaliths

Dolmens

Supporting stones usually T-shaped

Cromlech

Curved, a great example of this is the ‘Stonehenge’

Paintings from the Sarcophagus of Tutankhamen

Famous known paintings in Egypt

Queen Nefertiti: The Sculpture

Sculpture of the famous Queen Nefertiti

The Pharaoh Menkaure and his Queen

Sculpture of a pharaoh and his queen

Architecture of Egypt

Granite, sandstone, and limestone we’re abundant which led to the creations of ‘Pyramids of Giza’ and ‘Mastoba’

Fresco

Paintings with water-based pigments

Encaustic

Hot wax based painting

Panel Painting

Uses panels of wood as painting mediums

Tomb Wall Paintings

Paints on tombs as to describe the person’s life

Greek Sculptures

Early Greek arts were tense and stiff. A good example of Greek sculptures are ‘Myron: The Dsicobolus’

Doric

Plate shaped Greek pillars

Ionic

Big swirled Greek pillars

Corinthian

Small swirled Greek pillars

The Parthenon

Temple for Greek god, Athena

Fresco from the Villa of Mysteries, Pompeii

A Roman painting that features Greek god, Dionysus

Mosaic

Usually used for interior decorations. A known example for this is ‘Head of Alexander’

Roman Sculptures

• The Portonacio Sarcophagus

• Sarcophagus from Cerveteri

Roman Architecture

• The Colosseum

Byzantine Paintings

Usually made with paper, watercolor, corn, and kernels. A great example of this is ‘The Court of Empress Theodora’

Byzantine Sculpture

• The Barbenni Diptych

Byzantine Architecture

Famously known for dome roofs. ‘Hagia Sophia, Istanbul’

Romanesque Paintings

Strictly frontal pose. ‘Christ in Majesty’

Romanesque Sculptures

Usually displayed on exteriors. ‘Last Judgement’

Romanesque Architecture

Masonry walls and round arches. ‘Notre Dame la Grande’

Gothic Paintings

Stained glass paintings

Gothic Sculptures

Typically projects outward. ‘The Resurrection of the Virgin’

Gothic Architecture

High ceilings, large cathedral, plaster pillars. ‘Notre Dame Cathedral’