2.2 keywords - Thermal Physics

Specific latent heat of fusion

The ___ for a change from a solid to a liquid, or vice versa

Specific heat of vaporisation

The ___ for a change from a liquid to a gas, or vice versa

Gas laws

A set of experimental laws that look at the relationship between pressure, volume and temperature of a gas

Molar mass

The mass of one mole of substance in kg mol^-1

Molecular mass

The mass of a molecule in u

Absolute zero

-273 ^oC - where the object will have minimum internal energy

Internal energy

the sum of the randomly distributed kinetic energies and potential energies of particles in a system or body

First law of thermodynamic

the change of internal energy of the object is equal to the total energy transfer due to work done and heating

Brownian motion

describes the erratic motion of a small particle when placed on the surface of a fluid. The molecules on the surface of the fluid move randomly on the surface and hit into the particle, making the particle move randomly on the surface - this produces ___, providing evidence for the molecular kinetic energy.

Pressure law

As T is increased in a contained with fixed V, the average speed of molecules increases. This causes molecules to impact the walls of a container with greater force, and p increases. p is directly proportional to T

Charles’ law

As T is increased in a flexible container, the faster moving molecules impact the walls of the container with greater force. If the walls are movable, this increase V while p remains the same. V is directly proportional to T

Boyle’s law

In a case where T is constant, but V is decreased, moleucles have less space to move in between coliisions. This increases the number of collisions, so the total force on the walls of the contained increases, increasing p. p is directly proportional to 1/V