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RAM
Random Access Memory; a type of computer memory that can be accessed randomly and is used to store data that is actively being used.
ROM
Read-Only Memory; a type of non-volatile memory that is used primarily in the startup process of computers and cannot be easily modified.
Operating System
Software that manages computer hardware and software resources and provides common services for computer programs.
Software
A set of instructions and data that tells a computer how to work; can be categorized into system software, application software, and utility software.
Input Devices
Devices that allow users to enter data and control a computer, such as a keyboard, mouse, scanner, light pen, and touchscreen.
Printer
A peripheral device that produces a hard copy of digital documents; classified into various types, including impact and non-impact printers.
SMPS
Switched-Mode Power Supply; a type of power supply that efficiently converts electrical power.
Dot Matrix Printer
A type of impact printer that uses a matrix of small pins to create characters and images on paper.
Line Printer
A type of printer that prints whole lines of text at a time, rather than individual characters.
Touch Pen
A device used to interact with touchscreen displays, allowing for precise input.
Scanner
A device that converts physical documents into digital format by capturing images of the contents.
Primary Memory
The main memory of a computer where data is stored temporarily for processing, primarily consisting of RAM.
Hard Disk
A data storage device consisting of a rigid rotating disc coated with magnetic material.
Input-Output Devices
Hardware components that allow for interaction between the user and the computer, enabling data input and output.
Computer Keyboard
A peripheral device used to input text and control commands into a computer.
BIOS
Basic Input/Output System; firmware used to perform hardware initialization during the booting process.
Solid-State Drive (SSD)
A type of storage device that uses flash memory to store data, offering faster access times compared to traditional hard disk drives (HDDs).
Optical Storage
Data storage technology that uses light to read and write data, examples include CDs, DVDs, and Blu-ray Disks.
Battery Backup (UPS)
An uninterruptible power supply that provides backup power to a computer in the event of a power failure.
Impact Printer
A printer that produces text and images by striking a ribbon against the paper.
Non-Impact Printer
A printer that produces text and images without striking the paper, typically using laser or inkjet technology.
DPI (Dots Per Inch)
A measure of the resolution of a printer or image, indicating how many individual dots can be placed in a line within the span of 1 inch.
Monochrome Printer
A printer that can print only in one color, typically black, as opposed to a color printer which can print in multiple colors.
VGA
Video Graphics Array; a display standard and interface for computers.
USB
Universal Serial Bus; a standard for connecting devices to a computer.
LCD
Liquid Crystal Display; a flat-panel display technology for computers and televisions.
LED
Light Emitting Diode; a semiconductor device that emits light when current flows through it.
Cold Boot
The process of starting a computer from a powered-down state.
Warm Boot
The process of restarting a computer without turning off the power.
Booting
The process of starting a computer and loading the operating system.
