Unit 3.1 The Periodic Table & Periodic Trends

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15 Terms

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Periodic Table

A list of all known elements arranged in order of increasing atomic number.

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Period

A row of elements in the periodic table.

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Group

Elements aligned vertically in columns in the periodic table.

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Valence Electrons

Electrons in the outer shell of an atom.

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s-block

Elements with only s electrons in the outer shell.

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p-block

Elements with at least 1 p-electron in the outer shell.

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d-block

Elements with at least 1 d-electron and at least 1 s-electron but no f or p electrons in the outer shell.

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f-block

Elements with at least 1 f-electron and at least 1 s-electron but no d or p electrons in the outer shell.

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Atomic Radius

The size of an atom, the distance between the nucleus of an atom and the outermost electron shell.

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Ionic Radius

The size of an ion.

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First Ionization Energy

The amount of energy required to remove 1 mole of electrons from 1 mole of atoms to form 1 mole of gaseous ions.

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Electron Affinity

The amount of energy released when 1 mole of electrons is gained by 1 mole of atoms to form 1 mole of gaseous ions.

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Electronegativity

The ability of an atom to attract an electron pair in a covalent bond.

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Metals

Elements with 1-3 valence electrons, metallic bonding, good electrical conductivity, basic oxides, and malleable physical characteristics.

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Non-metals

Elements with 4-7 valence electrons, covalent bonding, poor electrical conductivity, acidic oxides, and flaky/brittle physical characteristics.