Lipid Panels

phospholipids, triglyceride, cholesterol

Major plasma lipids

lipoprotein

Transports lipids in the blood, outer part is hydrophilic and is made up a combination of lipids and proteins

VLDL, IDL, LDL (70% of total)

What are classified as Bad cholesterol?

HDL

What are classified as good cholesterol?

67%

What percentage of lipids are produced in the body by the liver (endogenous)?

conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonic acid by HMG-CoA reductase

What is the rate limiting step in cholesterol synthesis?

coronary artery disease

What is a major complication of abnormal lipid levels

total cholesterol, triglycerides, lipoproteins (HDL/LDL)

What is included in a lipid panel?

lavender (EDTA), green (heparin)

What type of tube is needed for a lipid panel?

Prevents lipemic serums

Why is a fasting sample necessary for lipid panels?

Cholesterol

What part of the lipid panel measure something that is essential for the synthesis of bile acids, a precursor for steroid hormones, and structure of cell membranes?

atherosclerosis

Cholesterol is used as a lab value to assess for

chylomicron

In a nonfasting state where can you find most TGs?

liver, intestines, tissue storage, dietary

Major sources of triglycerides (TGs)

VLDL

Most TGs in a fasting state are found in

Chylomicrons

What is synthesized in the intestinal enterocytes, released into the lymph/bloodstream after a meal and function to transport dietary TGs to peripheral tissues?

6-9

Chylomicrons are eliminated __________ hours after a meal

VLDL

What is made in the liver and moves cholesterol, TGs, and other lipids in the body

VLDL, cholesterol

If you cannot make apoprotein B-100, you cannot make

TG/5 (doesn’t work if TGs are high)

How do you measure VLDL?

HDL

What is synthesized in both the liver and SI and functions to remove cholesterol from cells and return it to the liver?

Increases cholestrol acyltransferase, antiplatelet activity

Anti-athergenic properties HDL include

cardioprotective

High levels of HDL are

metabolic syndrome, ACSVD

Low levels of HDL are risky for

less than 5

What number are we shooting for in the HDL:Cholesterol ratio

LDL

The primary carrier of cholesterol in human serum (60%) and functions to transport cholesterol to the tissue

total cholesterol, HDL, triglycerides

To get the lab to report the freidewald equation, what labs do you need to order?

400

The Friedewald equations is valid for TGs less than

direct (not an estimation)

LDL can also be a _______ measurement (unlike the friedwald)

diet, lifestyle, bad habits, genetics

Dyslipidemia can be caused by

chylomicrons

A type I elevation under Fredrickson-Levy-Lees classification is an elevation of

LDL

A type IIa elevation under Fredrickson-Levy-Lees classification is an elevation of

LDL + VLDL

A type IIb elevation under Fredrickson-Levy-Lees classification is an elevation of

IDL

A type III elevation under Fredrickson-Levy-Lees classification is an elevation of

VLDL

A type IV elevation under Fredrickson-Levy-Lees classification is an elevation of

VLDL + chylomicrons

A type V elevation under Fredrickson-Levy-Lees classification is an elevation of

LDL

What lipoprotein is elevated in familial hyperchloesterolemia

LDL

What lipoprotein is elevated in familial defective Apo B-100

LDL

What lipoprotein is elevated in polygenic hypercholestermia

VLDL

What lipoprotein is elevated in familial hypertriglyceridemia

chylomicrons, VLDL

What lipoprotein is elevated in familial LPL-deficiency

chylomicrons, VLDL

What lipoprotein is elevated in familial Apo C-II deficiency

adults over 20 every 5 years

NCEP/ATEPIII screening reqs for lipid panels

non-fasting, wrong tube, Seated patient, tourniquet left for less than 1 min

Pre-analytical errors in lipid assays

lipemia, bilirubin (if exposed to light), hemolysis, poor QC

Analytical errors in lipid assays

DM, hypothyroidism, nephrotic syndrome, obstructive liver disease, drugs/medications

What diseases and other factors can affect lipid panels