Learning

Developmental behaviours

innate

not learnt behaviours

Innate behaviour

genetic component hardwired; all individuals can perform the same thing

Single stimulus

non-associative - no paired stimuli

Habituation

no reaction to stimuli

Stimulus-stimulus

(associative) one stimulus results in a specific outcome

Pavlovian conditioning/classical conditioning

Appetitive stimulus

a stimulus that is pleasant

Aversive stimulus

a stimulus that is unpleasant

Contiguity is essential because

the two stimuli must be close together to learn behaviours

Response-reinforce (associative)

response is reinforced by a reward or punishment (requires continuity)

Social facilitation

Presence or activity of another animal serves to increase motivation or activity level

Local enhancement

the direction of an individual's focus to a particular part of the environment by the presence of another

Response facilitation

reaction to evolved signal e.g. alarm calling a specific danger