Bio\Biochem

what is a sodium potassium pump? List characteristics

• the most common example of an active transport

• 3-2-1 NOKIA

• allows for electrical signals

• used to maintain ion balance (kidney) and BP

Action Potential

sending all or nothing signals

What are some things that occur in action potentials?

• neutral impulses occur when stimulus depolarizes a cell membrane

• transmission of signal within a neuron is carried by opening and closing the voltage gated ion channels

• Sodium pump maintains resting potential when depolarization is finished (NOT a direct cause for action potential)

High Glucose Concentration means what?

• protect tissue and organs

• the freezing point is lowered

What happens when glucose concentration is high?

water is going to leave the cell to maintain proper concentration gradient (extracellular)

What is does excessive glucose in blood do?

it is converted into glycogen and is stored in the live or muscle through glycogenesis

• blood glucose increase causes insulin hormone stimulates this synthesis of glucagon

What is glucose doing in the body?

it is essentially circulating through the body and allowing for dehydration

• elevated glucose means osmosis will occur

What parts of the body are extracellular cells and intracellular cells?

Extracellular = blood plasma and lymph; Intracellular = cytoplasm

What is Lipase?

type of esterase meaning it splits esters into acid and alcohol through hydrolysis

• catalyzes hydrolysis of multiple molecules

F Factor

fertility; allows genes to be transferred from 1 bacteria to another

How does F factor occur?

it is done through Conjugation

What is Conjugation?

transfer of genetic material between 2 bacterial cells

Contraction of Diaphragm

this happens by creating negative interpleural pressure

• negative pressure causes lungs to expand

• positive pumping is done in Amphibians NOT mammals

rRNA

not found on chromosome we can expect them to replicate themselves therefore self-replicating

• must be function or organism could not produce protein

Antisense gene

needs to be present to ensure it can bind specifically to the sense mRNA and prevent translation

Where does antisense genes get used?

• done in gene therapy by inserting or injecting genes into virus

• need to get gene INTO cell

Parasympathic nervous system

responsible for the rest and digest promoting relaxation and conserving energy

sympathic nervous system

responsible for fight or flight response under stress

Does splitting centromeres occur in mitosis or meiosis?

occurs in mitosis NOT in meiosis I