CHEM122 Acid & Bases
Studied by 0 people
View linked note
Learn
Practice Test
Spaced Repetition
Match
Flashcards1/34
There's no tags or description
Looks like no tags are added yet.
Name | Mastery | Learn | Test | Matching | Spaced |
|---|
No study sessions yet.
35 Terms
What do acids produce in aqueous solutions?
Hydrogen ions (H+).
What is the Brønsted-Lowry definition of an acid and a base?
An acid is a proton donor, and a base is a proton acceptor.
What is the equilibrium constant for the dissociation of an acid?
K_a = [H3O+][A-]/[HA].
What characterizes a strong acid in terms of equilibrium?
The equilibrium lies far to the right, indicating a large K_a value.
What is the relationship between weak acids and their conjugate bases?
Weak acids yield strong conjugate bases.
How is the dissociation constant of water (K_w) defined at 25°C?
K_w = [H3O+][OH-] = 1.0 × 10^-14.
How to calculate pH for a strong acid like HCl?
Use the formula pH = -log[H3O+], where [H3O+] equals the concentration of the acid.
For a weak acid, what is the expression for K_a?
K_a = [H3O+][A-]/[HA], where A- is the conjugate base.
What does it mean for a substance to be amphoteric?
It can act as both an acid and a base.
In what pH range does water naturally exist?
pH of 7, indicating neutrality.
What factors influence the pH of salt solutions?
The nature of the cations and anions present in the solution.
What are polyprotic acids?
Acids that can donate more than one proton, leading to multiple dissociation steps.
How is the strength of acids qualitatively analyzed?
Based on molecular structure and electronegativity.
What is the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation used for?
Calculating the pH of buffered solutions.
What defines a Lewis acid?
An electron pair acceptor.
What is a characteristic of the first dissociation of polyprotic acids?
It is typically the strongest dissociation.
How to determine the pH of a buffer solution?
Use the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation: pH = pKa + log([A-]/[HA]).
What is the effect of strong acids on buffer solutions?
They cause a slight decrease in pH but the buffer resists drastic changes.
What does the dissociation constant (Ksp) indicate?
The equilibrium between a saturated solution of a salt and its ions.
How can the pH of a solution of calcium hydroxide be calculated?
From its Ksp value by determining the concentration of hydroxide ions.
What is a common property of acids?
They taste sour.
What is a common property of bases?
They taste bitter and feel slippery.
What is the pH scale range for acids?
Below 7.
What is the pH scale range for bases?
Above 7.
What is an example of a strong acid?
Hydrochloric acid (HCl).
What is an example of a strong base?
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH).
What is the importance of the pH scale?
It measures the acidity or basicity of a solution.
What is the effect of increasing the concentration of H3O+ on pH?
pH decreases.
What is the effect of increasing the concentration of OH- on pH?
pH increases.
What is the dissociation of water?
Water dissociates into H3O+ and OH-.
What is a neutralization reaction?
It is a reaction between an acid and a base producing water and salt.
What is a buffer solution?
A solution that resists changes in pH upon the addition of small amounts of acid or base.
What are Lewis bases?
Substances that can donate an electron pair.
What is the conjugate acid of NH3?
NH4+.
What is the conjugate base of H2SO4?
HSO4-.