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pilot studies
small scale practice investigations carried out before the full experiment to identify potential issues with the design, method or analysis » allows researches to see if participants guessed the experimental aim (demand characteristics) and if the investigation will have significant results
control groups
group in an experiment treated like the experimental group, but does not receive the tested variable
benefits of having a control group
allows for comparison » researcher can determine if the changes in the results (DV) are caused by the treatment (IV)
increases internal validity of the experiment
placebo effect
psychological phenomenon where a person’s health or behaviour changes after taking a fake treatment
reasons why placebos are unethical
participants believe they are receiving treatment, but are not
could deprive participants of effective treatment, potentially causing harm
violates ethical guidelines from BPS
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