351 Final

Social psychology

How people think about, influence, and relate to one another

fundamental attribution error

The tendency to overestimate the influence of personal traits and underestimate the role of situational factors in others' behavior

What does the term "construal" refer to in social psychology?

The way individuals interpret and make sense of their social world

Naturalistic fallacy

The assumption that what is "natural" is always morally good or desirable

Which of the following best distinguishes an independent self-construal from an interdependent self-construal?

independent self-construal prioritizes individual autonomy and personal goals, interdependent self-construal emphasizes connectedness and social roles

Which of the following best describes the "better-than-average effect"?

The tendency to rate oneself as better than the average person on various traits or abilities

How does immune neglect contribute to inaccurate predictions of future feelings?

People overestimate the emotional impact of negative events, failing to account for their ability to cope

Which of the following best describes the concept of
unrealistic optimism?

The belief that negative events are more likely to happen to others than to oneself.

Self-schemas are

knowledge-based summaries of our beliefs and feelings about the self in particular domains

According to Festinger’s (1954) social comparison
theory, people often form judgments about their traits and
abilities by comparing themselves with others. According to
the theory, this process is most likely to occur when

people have no objective standard by which to judge themselves

Jones and Harris had students read debaters’ speeches either supporting or
attacking Cuban leader Fidel Castro. When the students were later told that the
debater’s position had been assigned, they...

concluded that to some extent the speech reflected the speaker’s true
beliefs.

Hastrof and Cantrol (1954) found that Princeton students identified twice as many Dartmouth violations as Dartmouth when each watched the game. This suggests...

humans’ tendency to prejudge reality based on expectations

Lola visits Trish in Weston, CT. At some point, Lola asks Trish whether there is a lot of crime in Weston. Although crime rarely occurs there, Trish recalls a recent news story about a Weston drug store robbery. On the basis of this memory, she ten tells Lola that there is a lot of crime in Weston. This scenario illustrates reliance on the __________ heuristic

availability

An explanation for why the bronze Olympic medalist is incredibly happy (compared to silver medalist) is?

emotional amplification

Jamal watches how his new boyfriend reacts to a performer at a comedy club. Is he easily amused or is the comedian really that funny? If he compares his boyfriend’s response to the comedian to other people in the audience, he is focusing on __________ information

Consensus

The actor-observer difference is the tendency to make __________ attributions for one’s own behavior, while making __________ attributions for others’ behavior.

situational; dispositional

In her debate class, Mischa was assigned to give a “pro-life” speech on abortion. Before her speech, the teacher told everyone that Mischa had been assigned to take this position, regardless of her true beliefs. Research on the fundamental attribution error suggests that, after class, the other students will...

Be biased to think that Mischa is truly pro-life

Barbara mostly chooses to watch new programs that support her political beliefs while avoiding news programs that may disagree with her views. This is an example of the...

Motivated confirmation bias

A friend asks for a ride to the airport next month and you say yes, because you like helping friends. And then the day before the ride, you wish you hadn’t said yes, as you think about the time it will take and the gas money it will cost. This demonstrates what theory?

Construal level theory

Flora will most likely attribute Jeremy’s quiet, shy behavior to his introverted
personality when...

consistency is high, and consensus and distinctiveness are low