Electricity & Heat
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19 Terms
Heating effect of current
Electrical energy converted to heat in components
Reason for heating
Electrons collide with ions in the wire, transferring energy
More collisions
More heat produced
High resistance effect
More heating because electrons collide more often
Low resistance effect
Less heating produced
Power formula
Power = voltage × current
Symbol equation
P = V × I
Heating power formula
Power = I² × R
Meaning of I²R
Heating increases greatly with current
Doubling current effect
Heating increases by factor of four
Uses of heating effect
Kettles, toasters, electric heaters
Why heating is useful
Converts electrical energy into thermal energy
Why heating is dangerous
Can cause overheating, fires, damaged insulation
Fuse role
Melts if too much current flows, preventing overheating
Thicker wires
Reduce heating because resistance is lower
Thin wires
Heat up more easily due to higher resistance
Energy formula
Energy = power × time
Symbol equation
E = P × t
Key idea
Electrical heating depends on current and resistance, especially I²R
