atomic structure and mass spectrometer

Proton relative mass and charge:

1, +1

Neutron relative mass and charge:

1, 0

Electron relative mass and charge:

1/2000, -1

Protons and neutrons are held by…

strong nuclear forces, overcomes repulsion

Electrons and protons are held by…

strong electrostatic forces of attraction

These electrostatic forces…

weaken if shells further away

A/Z representation:
A=
Z=

A= mass number
Z= atomic number

Electrons determine…

chemical properties

Relative atomic mass is the…

average mass of an atom of an element compared to 1/12th of the mass of a carbon-12

Relative molecular mass is the…

weighted mean mass compared to 1/12th of the mass of a carbon-12

Isotopes are atoms of the same element with the…

same protons, different neutrons

A mass spectrometer is used to find out the…

abundance of each isotope of an atom

Mass spectrometer instrument:
How does it work?

1. Dissolving…
2. Separate…
3. Forms…

dissolving a solvent, separate ions by mass:charge ratio, forms ions from sample by removing an electron

What is the process of removing an electron called?

ionisation

Abundance is the…

percentage of a particular substance

Steps for working out mass with abundance:

1. Multiply…
2. Add…
3. Divide…

multiply each isotope's mass to its abundance, add results, divide by 100

Steps for working out abundance:

1. Abundance % 1 = x, other =

2. Write formula (x x mass1) + (100-x) x mass2 and divide all by…

3. Substitute and solve for…

abundance 1 = x, other = 100-x
divide by 100, solve for x