ITP-2-Team, Leadership, Communication (english)

sources from Sturm

What are the four roles in the sociodynamic hierarchical structure?

Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Omega – plus the external Opponent.

What is the Alpha role?

Leads the group, represents it externally, is accepted as “one of us”.

What is the Beta role?

Advisor of the group, strong expert, guides with arguments – may compete with Alpha.

What is the Gamma role?

Anonymous followers, support Alpha, avoid responsibility, often oppose Omega.

What is the Omega role?

Internal outsider, criticises Alpha, often excluded from the group.

What is the Opponent role?

External enemy figure – similar role as Omega, but outside the group.

What are the types of project meetings?

Kick-Off, Daily Stand-Up, Project Meeting, Steering Meeting, Creative Meeting, Strategy Meeting.

What is a Kick-Off meeting?

Held once at the beginning – introduces the team, project goals, structure and first ideas.

What is a Daily Stand-Up?

Short daily update – yesterday’s work, today’s plan, current problems.

What is a Project Meeting?

As needed – clarifies issues, progress or decisions.

What is a Steering Meeting?

Held quarterly – discusses project status, planning, roles and responsibilities.

What is a Creative Meeting?

Develops new ideas, products or approaches – flexible schedule.

What is a Strategy Meeting?

Semi-annually or annually – defines and evaluates strategic goals.

What is important in meeting preparation?

Invite the right people, prepare the room (equipment, catering), send agenda early.

What happens during a meeting?

Moderator opens and closes, checks agenda, minutes are taken, discussions follow the agenda.

What are the moderator's tasks?

Introduce topics, keep time, visualise content, encourage participation.

What is meeting follow-up?

Writing the minutes, documenting ToDos, informing about next meeting.

What are common meeting mistakes?

No deadlines or responsibilities, too many participants, off-topic talk, ignored ideas, dominant members.

What is a management style?

The way a manager leads, makes decisions and interacts with employees.

What are one-dimensional leadership styles?

Authoritarian, Cooperative (democratic), and Laissez-faire – based on degree of discipline.

What is the authoritarian style?

The leader makes all decisions alone – no discussion.

What is the cooperative (democratic) style?

Team is involved in decisions, responsibility is shared, criticism is welcome.

What is the laissez-faire style?

Leader takes a passive role, gives full responsibility to employees.

What are multidimensional styles?

Styles that consider several factors – like team, context, goals, or maturity.

What is situational leadership?

Leadership style adapts to each employee's ability and motivation.

What are the four leadership types in situational leadership?

Directing, Coaching, Supporting, Delegating – depending on maturity level.

What are the stages of team development (Tuckman)?

Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing, Adjourning – all teams go through all stages.

What happens in the Forming stage?

Team members get to know each other – low productivity, high social focus.

What happens in the Storming stage?

Conflicts arise, roles are unclear – project manager mediates and guides the team.

What happens in the Norming stage?

Roles and rules are established – team starts productive work, PM becomes a coach.

What happens in the Performing stage?

Team works independently and efficiently – project manager rarely intervenes.

What happens in the Adjourning stage?

The team is dissolved – achievements are honoured, project closed.

What are project roles?

Roles are sets of expectations regarding tasks and behaviour within the team.

What is the Project Initiator?

Comes up with the idea, looks for sponsors, has no formal responsibility.

What is the Project Sponsor (Client)?

Sets goals and framework, approves project stages, ultimate authority.

What is the Project Manager (PM)?

Coordinates project, ensures delivery, leads team, represents project externally.

What are the main tasks of a project manager?

Planning, Organisation, Control, Team leadership, Documentation, Stakeholder management.

What are Project Team Members (PMAs)?

Responsible for tasks or work packages – report to PM or line managers depending on role.

What is the Project Controller?

Supports PM, compares current status with goals, proposes countermeasures, tracks performance.

What is the Project Steering Committee?

Conflict-solving body – made up of senior managers, steps in if internal solutions fail.

What is motivation?

The inner or external drive that influences behaviour – often linked to emotion.

What is intrinsic motivation?

Comes from within – curiosity, interest, purpose, enjoyment.

What is extrinsic motivation?

Driven by external rewards or pressure – grades, money, praise.

What is Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory?

Distinguishes motivators (content of work) and hygiene factors (work conditions).

What are motivators in Herzberg’s theory?

Recognition, responsibility, career advancement – create satisfaction.

What are hygiene factors in Herzberg’s theory?

Salary, working conditions, policies – prevent dissatisfaction, but don’t motivate.

What is McClelland’s motivation theory?

Defines three needs: Achievement, Power, and Affiliation (social).

What is the achievement motive?

Desire to succeed, improve, and outperform others – linked to responsibility.

What is the power motive?

Desire for influence, prestige, and control – not focused on task but on authority.

What is the social affiliation motive?

Desire for harmony, friendly relationships, team spirit – avoids conflict.