C++ Programming Flashcards

Flashcards for C++ How to Program covering basic programming concepts, syntax, data structures, and object-oriented programming principles.

Hardware

Physical components of a computer system.

Software

Programs that run on a computer system.

Moore's Law

Hardware capacity doubles roughly every 2 years.

Data Hierarchy

The organization of data from smallest to largest units: Bits < Characters < Fields < Records < Files < Databases.

Programming Languages

Programming languages such as Machine, Assembly, and High-Level. C++ is a high-level language supporting object-oriented programming.

main()

The entry point of a C++ program.

//

Used for single-line comments in C++.

/* */

Used for multi-line comments in C++.

cout

Used for output in C++.

cin

Used for input in C++.

\n

Represents a newline character.

\t

Represents a tab character.

Algorithm

Step-by-step procedure for solving a problem.

Pseudocode

Simplified code-like language used for designing algorithms.

Control Structures

Sequence, selection (if, if-else, switch), and iteration (while, for, do-while).

Activity Diagrams

Show the flow of control in an algorithm.

Iteration

for, while, do-while loops.

Logical Operators

&& (AND), || (OR), ! (NOT)

break & continue

Control loop execution.

switch Statement

Multi-way branch statement.

Functions

Reusable blocks of code.

Prototypes

Declare function signature.

Overloading

Same function name, different parameters.

Recursion

Function calling itself.

Arrays

Fixed size, same data type.

Vectors

Dynamic size, safer alternative to arrays.

Pointers

Variables that store memory addresses.

& (address-of)

Returns the memory address of a variable.

• (dereference)

Accesses the value stored at a memory address.

nullptr

Represents a null pointer in C++11+.

Class Interface

Public member functions of a class.

Implementation

Hidden implementation details of a class.

Constructor & Destructor

Used for object lifecycle management.

Encapsulation

Keeping data private within a class.

Base & Derived Classes

Code reuse through inheritance.

Inheritance Types

Public, Private, Protected

is-a vs has-a

Inheritance vs Composition.

Multiple Inheritance

Derived class inherits from multiple base classes.