LMRT Board Study Questions (Core)

Pathogenic microorganisms that require a living host's cells to survive and reproduce are called:

Viruses

In a radiographic histogram, what is being represented on the x-axis?

Specific exposure values captured by the image receptor

What does a histogram show in digital radiography?

Distribution of pixel values in an image

A decrease in oxygen supply is called:

hypoxia

An x-ray exposure above the level of the detector's dynamic range may result in:

Saturation artifact

The range of radiation exposures that will produce a quality radiographic image is called:

Exposure latitude

Photons produced outside the actual focal spot are known as:

Off-focus radiation

Sterilization using an autoclave involves the use of:

Pressurized steam

For a lateral cervical spine radiograph, the technique chart recommends 70 kVp and 16 mAs. The patient has severe osteoarthritis. What adjustment should be considered?

Decrease mAs to 12 and keep kVp at 70

What is the name for a disease or infection caused by a healthcare professional or by medical treatment?

Latrogenic disease

The phosphor layer in a CR imaging plate is composed of:

Barium Fluorohalide

A reduction in the normal number of erythrocytes circulating in the blood is called:

Anemia

During digital image formation, quantization occurs in the:

ADC

The isotropic nature of the x-ray beam indicates that the photons:

Travels in all directions

Antiseptic agents are used to:

Impede the growth of microorganisms on living tissue

With cassette based digital radiography, the device used to extract the latent image from the image receptor is the:

Plate reader

Which of the following display monitors are particularly effective in brightly lit rooms?

Light emitting diodes (LED)

Destruction or alteration of medical records, such as radiology report, by an unauthorized person, is referred to as:

Spoliation

What does paralanguage mean and what are 2 examples?

A vocal element of communication that conveys emotions, meanings and intentions beyond the words.

EX: Tone of voice and vocal identifiers

A series of 4 images were all taken at different mAs values, with each exposure resulting in acceptable image quality. This series of images exemplifies:

Exposure Latitude

What is the minimum requirement for the evaluation of holes and cracks of shielding accessories?

Annually

Exposure latitude is defined as the:

The range of exposure that produce quality images without under and overexposure

Which of the following factors primarily controls the patient radiation dose during radiographic procedures?

mAs

The grieving stage in which patients act as if nothing's wrong with them best describes:

Denial

What type of dosimeter uses aluminum oxide as the absorbing material?

OSL

Elimination of extraneous light from the edges of a digital radiographic image, is achieved through:

The application of electronic masking

What is trapped when x-ray photons strike the phosphor layer of the computed radiography imaging plate?

Electrons

Which of the following models was used to establish radiation protection standards for stochastic effects of radiation?

Linear non-threshold model

Which two post-processing manipulations may lead to a legal issue?

- Electronically changing the field of view and cropping anatomy off an image

- A tech adds a digital L or R marker after failing to add their own prior to exposure

"Touching a patient without permission" is the legal definition of what?

Battery

What law describes the relationship between absorbed dose and the distance from a radiation source?

Inverse square law

What is the most effective method to reduce radiation exposure from leakage radiation in diagnostic imaging?

Proper maintenance and regular inspection of equipment

Which of the following is the main controlling factor of image receptor exposure?

mAs

Which 3 of the following demographics are at an increased risk of developing sensory-perception alterations, causing them to respond abnormally to stimuli?

1) adolescent patients

2) elderly patients

3) immobilized patients

4) patients in isolation

5) postpartum patients

2,3,4

An off-focus error occurs when the grid:

is used at the wrong SID

Minimized patient exposure can be achieved most effectively with the use of:

Well calibrated AEC

Which syndrome is characterized by symptoms of diarrhea, dehydration, and electrolyte imbalance?

Gastrointestinal syndrome

How often should a repeat/reject analysis be reviewed by the tech to check for trends in exposure, positioning and procedural errors?

Monthly

What is the most common cause of an off-level grid error?

Grid misalignment due to uneven patient weight distribution

How many shades of gray can be produced by an 8-bit DR system?

256 shades

What's the formula for figuring out how many shades of gray are in a bit, in DR?

Number of shades = 2^n

In quality control of imaging equipment, what does the term "linearity" mean?

The consistency of radiation output relative to mA settings

Limb stunting, microcephaly, genital defects are all examples of:

Teratogenic effects

Which of the following would best help reduce radiation exposure to the rad tech?

1) increasing kVp

2) increasing distance from the tube

3) increasing focal spot size

4) Providing detailed instructions to the patient

2

What should be used to evaluate the spatial resolution of a chest radiograph?

Lung markings, heart and associated vasculature

What type of consent occurs during a standard outpatient two view chest x-ray exam?

Implied consent

What is defined as the range of exposures that can be captured by a receptor?

Dynamic range

What are two reasons for wearing personal dosimeters?

- Ensure the techs compliance with radiation safety regs

- Measure technologist exposure to ionizing radiation

Which of the following are included in a personnel monitoring report? Select 3

1) Lifetime-to-date dose equivalent

2) Quarter-to-date dose equivalent 3) Total effective dose equivalent

4)Year-to-date dose equivalent

1,2,4

A grid designed so the angle of the lead strips aligns with the divergence of the beam is called a:

Focused grid

Underexposure using DR detectors will result in:

quantum noise

What occurs during the embryonic period of prenatal development from 3-8 weeks post-conception?

Organogenesis

Which of the following is considered a tort?

1) Act that results in injury

2) Misdemeanor

3) Type of fracture

4) Viral infection

1) Act that results in injury

What are intentional and unintentional acts performed by an individual and based on unreasonable conduct?

Torts

If a tech produced an image using an x-ray exposure that is below the dynamic range, the resulting image is expected to display:

Quantum mottle

What would be an acceptable treatment for a patient suffering from epistaxis?

Tilt head forward (not back!) and breath through mouth

What is the primary purpose of performing daily quality control checks on DR systems?

To check the system's ability to reproduce image contrast

The burden of proof for medical negligence rests with the:

plaintiff

The thickness of a half-value layer is dependent on which two things?

Energy of the x-ray beam and the filter material

Radiation dose limits to the public are generally what fraction of the occupational dose limit?

10%

What are the essential functions of PACS?

retrieve and store digital images

A tech can identify an image produced with excessively high mAs based on what?

An exposure indicator outside of the acceptable range

What effect will decreased collimation have on a patient's effective dose when using a fixed technique?

Increase patient effective dose

In a DR exam, if the image histogram analysis indicates underexposure, what should be the techs initial action?

Increase mAs according to the technique chart guidelines

Which anode angle will produce the least amount of x-ray beam intensity, 7 or 20 degrees?

7 degrees

Which of the following includes direct patient care info, billing systems and reporting systems?

Hospital info system (HIS)

What type of technique chart uses the rule to double or halve mAs for every 5 cm of subject thickness?

Fixed kVp, variable mAs

The purpose of adding phases and rectifiers in the x-ray circuit is to:

Maintain high voltage

What does the acronym KERMA stand for?

kinetic energy released per unit mass