Cellular Respiration Unit - Grade 9 Honors Biology

What do mitochondria require to create ATP?

O2

Write the overall equation for Cellular Respiration.

C6H12O6+6O2=6CO2+6H2O+ATP

What is the type of Cellular Respiration that __does not__ require O2?

anaerobic

What is the type of Cellular Respiration that __requires__ O2?

aerobic

What is the first step of both aerobic and anaerobic Cellular Respiration?

glycolysis

What is the second step of aerobic Cellular Respiration?

kreb’s cycle

What is the second step of anaerobic Cellular Respiration?

fermentation

What is the third step of aerobic Cellular Respiration?

ETC

What are the two types of fermentation?

lactic acid and alcohol

Where does lactic acid fermentation happen?

muscle cells

Where does alcohol fermentation happen?

yeast and some bacteria

What is yeast?

a type of fungi

What are organisms that __require__ O2?

aerobes

What are organisms that __do not__ require O2?

anaerobes

What is the word that means “must have/be“?

obligate

What is the word that means “short term with/without“?

facultative

What are organisms that __cannot__ survive without O2 __at all__?

obligate aerobes

What are organisms that can survive without O2 for a __short period of time__?

facultative aerobes

What are organisms that __cannot__ survive in __O2__?

obligate anaerobes

What are organisms that can survive in O2 __for a short period of time__?

facultative anaerobes

What is the starting point of Cellular Respiration?

glycolysis

What molecule does glycolysis start with?

C6H12O6

What is the initial input of ATP in glycolysis?

2ATP

What does C6H12O6 break up into?

2, 3C PGAL

What do 2 PGAL molecules turn into when oxidized?

2, 3C pyruvate

What is made/reduced when PGAL is oxidized?

ATP and NADH

Where does glycolysis take place?

cytosol/cytoplasm

What is NAD+?

electron acceptor

What is NADH?

electron carrier

What are the reactants of glycolysis?

glucose+ATP

What are the products of glycolysis?

2, 3C pyruvate+2 NADH+4 ATP

What is the net gain of ATP in glycolysis?

2 ATP

What is the process that happens between glycolysis and Kreb’s Cycle?

pyruvate decarboxylation

What does pyruvate decarboxylation do?

removes carbon from pyruvate

When 3C pyruvate is oxidized what is created?

2C Acetyl+Coenzyme A

What are the other products of pyruvate decarboxylation?

CO2+NADH

What is Acetyl+Coenzyme A=?

acetyl coA

When ___ is created then is .

CO2/NADH/reduced

What is the Kreb’s Cycle also called?

citric acid cycle

Where does the Kreb’s Cycle take place?

matrix of mitochondria

What is FAD?

electron acceptor

What is FADH2?

electron carrier

What is first combined in the Kreb’s Cycle?

4C OAA+2C acetyl

What does 4C OAA+2C acetyl=?

6C citric acid

6C citric acid is ___ to create 5C .

oxidized/ketoglutarate

What is another product of 6C citric acid oxidizing?

CO2 and NADH

5C ketoglutarate is ____ to create 4C .

oxidized/succinate

What happens to the 4C succinate that is created in the Kreb’s Cycle?

it is reused

What are other products of the oxidation of 5C ketoglutarate molecules?

CO2 and NADH

What is created the 4C succinate is reused?

FADH2 and ATP

Write the equation for the Kreb’s Cycle.

4C OAA+acetyl=6C citric acid=2NADH+2CO2+1ATP+1FADH2

What does Coenzyme A do after it delivers the acetyl to the mitochondria’s matrix?

goes back to get more acetyl

Where is the ETC of Cellular Respiration located?

inner membrane of mitochondria

At the proteins of the ETC what happens to NADH molecules?

NAD++H2++2e-

At the proteins of the ETC what happens to the FADH2 molecules?

FAD+2e-+2H+

The of the ETC pick up the to become when the electrons from and enter them. When the jump to the next protein, the are released into the space where the create a .

proteins/H+/neutral/NADH/FADH2/H+/inter membrane/H+/gradient

move through ATP to create .

H+/synthase/ATP

What is the process called when hydrogen ions diffuse across a selectively permeable membrane by this creating ATP?

chemiosmosis

What are the ETC and chemiosmosis together called?

oxidative phosphorilation

____ picks up and makes with a charge so to become neutral it picks up and makes H2O.

oxygen/2 electrons/O-2/negative/2H+

What does the oxygen act as in order to keep the flow of electrons moving so that cellular respiration does not stop?

electron acceptor

Where do the H+ come from that O-2 picks up?

matrix

What is oxidized to what in the ETC?

NADH→NAD+ and FADH2→FAD

What is oxidized to form what during fermentation?

NADH→NAD+

What molecule is used in fermentation?

pyruvate

When oxygen is ____ glycolysis is followed by . When ETC does not work NADH is not back to NAD+ so during lactic acid fermentation pyruvate is reduce to lactic acid and is to so glycolysis can continue to happen.

absent/fermentation/oxidized/NADH/oxidized/NAD+

In fermentation is broken down to form 2C and . is oxidized to form .

alcohol/pyruvate/ethanol/CO2/NADH/NAD+

Proteins are broken down to . Then the group is converted to and removed. 2 carbons combine to make which continues on to the .

amino acids/amino/urea/acetyl/kreb’s cycle

Carbohydrates are broke down to which then go onto glycolysis, Kreb’s Cycle, and ETC.

monosaccharides

Lipids are broken down to . Pairs of combine and make which then combine with the enzyme called . continues on to the Kreb’s Cycle.

triglycerides/carbons/acetyl/coenzyme a/acetyl coa