Cultural Anthropology Exam 3 Test Questions

How is the information obtained about childhood aggression?

participant observation

When is the Sambandham example taken from?

historical; does not occur in modern times

What is the Newfoundland example of childhood aggression based on?

dominance/revenge, styled by gender

Where is matrilineal descent inherited from?

either the mother or the the mother's brother

What are the Hopi Indians? (2)

matrilineal & matrilocal

What is another word for kindred?

family

What are inlaws/people you gain from marriage called?

affinal kin

What are the Tory Islanders an example of?

interesting marriage example of the spouses never living in the same home

Where are the 2 most common places that nuclear families are found?

industrial middle class & foraging bands

It is possible to have a ___ with a ___

matriarchy, patrilineage

What are the Yako an example of ?

double descent system

What does double descent system mean?

a man will inherit land from his father and cows from his mother

What was the reasoning behind the Tibetan peasants practicing polyandry?

shortage of women

How different cultures recognize ___ varies greatly, but all cultures have ___ ___

family; incest taboos

What does the equal sign on diagrams mean?

marriage

What is the taravar sometimes viewed as?

an example of an alternative to the nuclear family

What is a household?

people who reside in the same house

In the US Midwest, what is viewed as an acceptable outlet for anger?

physical aggression

What is serial monogamy?

married then divorced, then married again

What is enculturation?

the process of social learning of culture by children

What are the historical/contemporary examples of polyandry?

historical: Toda / contemporary: Tibetan peasants

What was the example related to sumptuary laws?

Minangkabau

What are sumptuary laws?

laws which dictate what people of different ranks can wear

What is village endogamy not an aspect of?

the globalization of marriages

What determines how a child is raised? (3)

cultural norms, beliefs, & economics

What happens when a baby is weened too quickly?

malnutrition occurs

How are age categories of life course defined?

culturally

What is a rite of passage?

public ceremony to mark a status change related to increasing age

What are new reproductive technologies raising issues about?

the rites/duties associated with mother/father hood

Anthropological perspectives on __ __ __ have radically changed in the last 40 years

cross gender identity

What is the difference between gender and sex?

gender ---> cultural construct sex ---> physical body

What was significant about the "Two Spirits"?

varied in behavior from person to person and tribe to tribe

What is gender stratification?

the degree to which groups allocate social and material rewards based on gender

What was significant about the Minangkabau? (3)

they were extremely materialistic, pre-matrilineal, & lived in large matrilocal households

What does matrilocal mean?

residence centered around the mother's family

What is the difference between bilateral kinship and double descent?

bilateral: understands both the matrilineage and patrilineage to be equal / double descent: picks and chooses from both sides of parents

What is an example of double descent?

the Yako peoples

What test example is the word kindred related to?

bilateral kinship

What is the ego, in reference to kinship charts?

the point of reference used to determine which kinterms go where

How did Peggy feel about matriarchies?

they are not mirror images to patriarchies; men and women work as equals

What is a taravar?

family compound centered around the mother's family

What is ambilineal descent?

when young people choose which descent to favor (either mother or fathers)

What are 2 examples of ambilineal descent?

historical: early 19th century Jewish immigrants / contemporary: samoans

What is a neolocal residence?

residence form in which the couple establishes a separate household apart from both the husband and the wife's parents

What is a nuclear family?

family group of consisting of a married couple and their offspring

What is a matriarchy?

societies in which women rule and men do not

What is a brideservice?

custom in which a man spends a period of time working for the family of his wife

What is polyandry?

allowing one woman to have multiple husbands

What is polygyny?

allowing one man to have multiple spouses

What are endogamous rules?

marriage rules requiring individuals to marry some member of their own social group or category

What is fictive kin?

people who aren't biologically related acting like they are relatives of some kind

What are matrilineal/patrilineal descent systems?

tracing descent through either a mother or father's side of the family

What is unilineal descent?

tracing descent through only one line

What is the act of primogeniture?

the first son inherits the property

Biologically speaking, men are __ & __ than women

larger & stronger

Nay women may have how many Sambandham night visitors throughout their lives?

multiple & co-contempraneous

What is another way of describing "Two Spirits"

individuals with more than one gender identity