GENE - MUTATION

Alterations in the DNA sequence that can lead to changes in protein function and contribute to the development of various diseases.

Gene Mutation

Process of creating an RNA copy from a DNA template (mRNA).

Transcription

A mutation that results in a change in an amino acid.

Missense Mutation

A mutation that involves inserting one or more nucleotides into the DNA sequence.

Insertion Mutation

A mutation where a nucleotide is deleted from the DNA sequence.

Deletion Mutation

A mutation where another nucleotide base replaces an existing one.

Substitution Mutation

Building blocks of protein.

Amino Acids

The original strand of DNA used to create a complementary strand.

DNA Template

The DNA strand that pairs with the original DNA template strand following base-pairing rules.

Complementary Strand

The process of converting DNA sequences into mRNA, where A > U, T > A, C > G, and G > C.

mRNA Translations

The biological process of producing two identical replicas of DNA from one original DNA molecule.

DNA Replication

A basic unit of heredity, found on a chromosome, that contains instructions for building proteins or functional RNA molecules.

Gene

What are the two kinds of Alleles?

Dominant & Recessive

What Genotype has both alleles uppercase?

Homozygous Dominant

What Genotype has both alleles lowercase?

Homozygous Recessive

The method used to calculate the chances of the offspring’s characteristics

Punnet’s Square

What unzips the DNA

Helicase

What Genotype has alleles with one uppercase and one lowercase?

Heterozygous

The term for the characteristics being represented by the genotype.

Phenotype

The Law where the dominant alleles overruns the recessive allele.

Law of Dominance

What mutation changes an amino acid

Missense Mutation

The process where cells make protein

Protein Synthesis

The step where the DNA is copied into an mRNA

Transcription

In transcription what builds the mRNA strand

RNA Polymerase

What law occurs in the meiosis and separates during the process giving each gamete one copy of a gene.

Law of Segregation

What type of mutation stops the protein chain early?

Nonsense Mutation

What step of protein synthesis occurs in the ribosome and makes the mRNA into 3 groups called the codons, then uses tRNA to match the amino acids in the codon, then uses rRNA to link the amino acids into a protein chain?

Translation

What type of RNA carries the genetic code of DNA?

mRNA

What law is the genes for different traits?

Law of Independent Assortment

What RNA brings amino acids to their corresponding matches?

tRNA

What type of mutation changes the sequence entirely?

Frameshift Mutation

Who was known as the “Father of Genetics”?

Gregor Mendel

What did Gregor Mendel discover?

How traits were inherited through pea plant experimentations

Why is learning about Protein Synthesis important?

YOUR ANSWER

People say that learning about Gene’s is not that important than learning about Protein Synthesis. Pick a side and explain your answer.

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