AICE Language Semester 2 Final Exam Study Guide
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96 Terms
colloquial language
Informal language used in everyday conversation.
inclusive diction
Language that avoids bias and includes all groups.
lexical field
A set of words grouped by meaning referring to a specific subject. EX: In a war poem: battle, soldier, weapon, trench, enemy (all from the field of war).
anastrophe
The inversion of the usual order of words or phrases. EX: "Strong in the Force, you are."
chiasmus
A rhetorical or literary figure in which words, grammatical constructions, or concepts are repeated in reverse order. EX: "Never let a Fool Kiss You or a Kiss Fool You."
climax
The most intense, exciting, or important point of something. EX: "He came, he saw, he conquered."
concession
A literary device used to acknowledge a point made by the opposing side. EX: "Although it's risky, the plan could succeed."
asyndeton
The omission of conjunctions between parts of a sentence. EX: "I came, I saw, I conquered."
polysyndeton
The use of several conjunctions in close succession. EX: "He ran and jumped and laughed and cried."
juxtaposition
The fact of two things being seen or placed close together for contrasting effect. EX: A baby's laughter next to a war scene.
antithesis
A contrast or opposition between two things. EX:"It was the best of times, it was the worst of times."
apposition
A grammatical construction in which a noun or noun phrase is placed with another as an explanation. EX: "My brother, a skilled guitarist, plays in a band."
analogy
A comparison between two things, typically for the purpose of explanation or clarification. EX: "Just as a sword is the weapon of a warrior, a pen is the weapon of a writer."
euphemism
A mild or indirect word or expression substituted for one considered to be too harsh or blunt. EX: "He passed away" instead of "He died."
irony
The expression of one's meaning by using language that normally signifies the opposite. EX: A fire station burns down.
litotes
A form of understatement that uses negation to express a positive trait. EX: "He's not unfamiliar with hardship."
meiosis
A form of understatement that deliberately downplays something. EX: "It's just a scratch," (about a large dent).
metaphor
A figure of speech that makes a comparison between two unlike things. EX: "Time is a thief."
metonymy
The substitution of the name of an attribute or adjunct for that of the thing meant. EX: "The crown will decide." (crown = king/queen)
paradox
A statement that contradicts itself but might be true. EX: "Less is more."
parallelism
The use of components in a sentence that are grammatically the same. EX: "Easy come, easy go."
alliteration
The occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words. EX: "Peter Piper picked a peck..."
anadiplosis
The repetition of the last word of a preceding clause. EX: "Fear leads to anger. Anger leads to hate."
anaphora
The repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses. EX: "We shall fight... We shall defend... We shall never surrender."
antimetabole
The repetition of words in successive clauses in reverse grammatical order. EX: "Ask not what your country can do for you—ask what you can do for your country."
assonance
The repetition of vowel sounds in nearby words. EX: "Hear the mellow wedding bells."
commoratio
A rhetorical device that emphasizes a point by repeating it in different words. EX: "He's a liar, a cheat, a deceiver."
diacope
Repetition of a word or phrase with one or two intervening words. EX: "Free at last, free at last, thank God Almighty, we are free at last!"
epanalepsis
Repetition of the initial word or words of a clause or sentence at the end. EX: "The king is dead, long live the king!"
epimone
The repetition of a phrase or question to dwell on a point. EX:"I want that car. I want that car! I want that car!"
epiphora
The repetition of a word or phrase at the end of successive clauses. EX: "See no evil, hear no evil, speak no evil."
epizeuxis
The repetition of a word in immediate succession. EX: "Alone, alone, all all alone..."
polyptoton
The stylistic scheme in which words derived from the same root are repeated. EX: "With eager feeding food doth choke the feeder."
Vivid Language
Descriptive language that brings the story to life.
Red Herrings
False or misleading clues intentionally inserted into the story.
Vary your sentence length
Using sentences of different lengths to enhance narrative flow.
Utilize breathers
Incorporating pauses in the narrative for effect.
Flashbacks
A scene set in a time earlier than the main story.
Reflective Commentary
Narrative elements that provide insight into characters' thoughts.
Internal Conflicts
Struggles within a character's mind.
Philosophical Musings/Observations
Thoughts that reflect on deeper meanings or questions.
Detailed Emotions/Thoughts
In-depth exploration of a character's feelings and thoughts.
Plot
The main events of a story, devised and presented by the writer.
Exposition
The introduction of background information in a narrative.
Man vs. Man
A conflict between two characters.
Man vs. Self
A conflict within a character's mind.
Man vs. Nature
A conflict between a character and natural forces.
Man vs. Society
A conflict between a character and societal norms.
Man vs. Technology
A conflict between a character and technological forces.
Characterization
The creation and development of a character.
Direct
Characterization that explicitly describes a character's traits.
Indirect
Characterization that reveals a character's traits through actions and dialogue.
Comma Usage
The rules governing the use of commas in writing.
Verb Types
Different categories of verbs based on their function.
Subject-Verb Agreement
The grammatical rule that the subject and verb must agree in number.
Active vs. Passive Voice
The distinction between sentences where the subject performs the action (active) and where the subject is acted upon (passive).
Noun Jobs
The various roles nouns can play in a sentence.
Grammar Brushstrokes
Techniques for enhancing writing style and clarity.
Brushstroke
A technique that modifies sentence structure for effect.
Action Verb
A verb that expresses physical or mental action. EX: Run, Jump, eat, think.
Participial Phrase
A phrase that begins with a participle and includes any modifiers. EX: Covered in frosting, the cupcakes looked delicious.
Shifted Adjectives
Adjectives that are placed after the nouns they modify. EX: A man, tall and mysterious, entered the room
Appositive phrase
A noun or noun phrase that renames another noun. EX: The insect, a large cockroach, scurried across the floor
Absolute Phrase
A phrase that modifies an entire sentence. EX: The sun having set, we lit the campfire
Subject
"The cat chased the mouse."
Subject: The cat
Direct Object
"She kicked the ball."
Verb: kicked
Direct object: the ball
Indirect Object
"He made his mom breakfast."
Direct object: breakfast
Indirect object: his mom
Preposition
"We will meet after lunch."
Preposition: after
Predicate Nominative
"John became the president."
Predicate nominative: the president
Linking Verb
"He became a teacher."
Linking verb: became
Connects he to a teacher (predicate nominative)
Auxiliary Verb
They have finished their homework."
Auxiliary verb: have (helps main verb finished)