KIN 311 Final CV, Balance & Proprioception, Gait & Posture, and Class Presentations

What are the key words to cardiovascular endurance?

Efficiency of oxygen delivery to demanding muscle

What is the difference between pulse and heart rate?

Heart rate is a direct measure of heart beat, pulse is an indirect measurement away from the heart

What happens to blood pressure after exercise?

Goes down below resting levels AKA post exercise hypotension

Resting HR should be compared to what?

recovery HR

Max HR should be compared to what?

peak HR

Target HR should be compared to what?

working HR

What is the most efficient way to program CV Exercise for clients?

Set a lower target HR and an upper target HR

What are some brain physiological improvements from CV exercise?

Improved BDNF markers

Better release of happy hormones

Angiogenesis and neurogenesis

What are some brain anatomical improvements from CV exercise?

Hypertrophy in certain areas

What are some brain functional improvements form CV exercise?

Improved memory

What’s a CV machine you can use to accommodate for paralysis?

arm ergometer

What’s a CV machine you can use to accommodate for quadriplegic disability?

flexorciser

What are the keywords for balance?

center over base

what are contractures?

unwanted contractions of a muscle

what is myostatic contracture?

temporary muscle shortening due to inactivity

what are adhesion contractures?

contractures due to aging or arthritis

what are scar tissue adhesion contractures?

pulls nearby tissues in tighter

what are irreversible contractures?

permanent loss of muscle extensibility

what are pseudomyostatic contractures?

limit of motion due to hypertonicity

what is hypertonicity?

excessively tight and stiff muscles

what 2 things are spasticity dependent on?

velocity and stretch reflex

what should you focus on if a client is showing spasticity?

concentric movements

what is rigidity?

involuntary non-velocity dependent resistance to movement

what is clonus?

oscillation movement/involuntary muscle contractions triggered by stretch reflex

what is dystonia?

involuntary twisting contractions

what is athetosis?

involuntary irregular twisting movements

what is chorea?

involuntary, abrupt, rapid movements

small physical tick

what is ballismus?

involuntary flinging of one side of limbs or body

massive physical tick

what are tremors?

involuntary rhythmic repetitive oscillations

what is dyskinesia?

general term for movement disorder

what is hypokinesia?

decreased bodily movement

what is akinesia?

absence of movement

what is bradykinesia?

excessively slow movement

what is an example of proactive balance?

standing/sitting and reaching

what is an example of reactive balance?

walking on a slippery surface

what are the normal posture landmarks? top to bottom

ear → acromion process → ASIS → lateral epicondyle → lateral malleolus

what is knee valgus?

knees going inwards; knocked

what is knee varus?

knees going outwards; bowed

what is lumbar lodorsis?

excessive lower back curvature

what is kyphosis?

upper back and neck hunch

what is genu recurvatum?

knee hyperextension during stance phase

why do we swing our arms opposite from our legs?

to minimize center of mass

what is jump knee gait?

jumping up and down due to spastic calves

what is equinus gait?

toe walking

what is scissor gait?

crossing feet as you walk

what are 3 key terms for stroke?

brain injury; blood flow; paralysis

what are 3 key terms for arthritis?

joint pain; inflammation; stiffness

what are 3 key terms for muscle dystrophy?

muscle weakness; genetic; progressive

what are 3 key terms for traumatic brain injury?

head trauma; cognitive changes; memory

what are 3 key terms for multiple sclerosis?

nerve damage; weakness; fatigue

what are 3 key terms for spina bifida?

birth defect; spine; mobility

what are 3 key terms for parkinson’s?

tremor; slow walking; progressive

what are 3 key terms for spinal cord injury?

paralysis; sensation loss; mobility

what are 3 key terms for cerebral palsy?

motor disorder; muscle tone; coordination