connective tissue

pt 2

CT proper?

• areolar

• adipose

• reticular

dense CT?

• dense regular

• dense irregular

• elastic

specialized CT?

• cartilage

• bone

• blood

what does areolar tend to form?

forms delicate, thin membranes (like cobwebs)

what’s the most widely distributed CT?

areolar

what does areolar contain?

mainly fibroblasts that are separated by a gel-like matrix

what does the gel-like matrix contain?

gel-like ground substance, collagen, and elastin

where does areolar lie?

it lies beneath layers of epithelium and binds skin to underlying organs (behaves like glue)

does areolar have a blood supply?

yes! it has lots of nourishing blood vessels

when does adipose form?

develops when adipocytes form fat droplets in their cytoplasm

what is adipose?

fat

where does adipose lie? why there?

beneath the skin; for insulation

examples of where adipose lies

• around kidneys

• surface of the heart

• behind eyeballs

• cushions joints and organs

what else does adipose store?

it stores energy in fat molecules

what are the 2 types of adipose?

brown and white fat

what does white fat do?

it stores nutrients to be used for energy

what does brown fat do?

it breaks down nutrients to produce heat

where do humans tend to have brown fat? does it vary by age?

it can vary by age

• infants have brown adipose on their backs

• adults have brown adipose in their armpits, neck, and around kidneys

what’s the structural characteristics of reticular CT?

thin reticular fibers and it’s a three-dimensional network

what’s the purpose of reticular CT?

provides framework for organs (ex: liver and spleen)

examples of dense regular?

tendons and ligaments

where is dense irregular found?

found in the dermis of the skin

what’s the purpose of dense irregular?

allows tissue to sustain tension exerted from many directions

what does elastic CT consist of?

mostly elastin fibers

where is elastic CT found?

• found in attachments between bones of the spinal column

• walls of certain hollow internal organs (larger arteries)

does dense regular CT have a lot or few cells?

it has few cells

what does dense regular CT contain?

closely packed, thick, collagenous fibers with a fine network of elastic fibers

what can dense regular CT withstand?

pulling forces

what are tendons? what CT are they?

attach muscle to bone; dense regular CT

what are ligaments? what CT are they?

attach bone to bone; dense regular CT

does dense regular CT have a rich blood supply?

no, it has a poor blood supply

example of dense regular CT?

the white part of the eyeballs

what’s the most rigid CT?

bone

why are bones so hard?

due to mineral salts and collagen which reinforces the mineral components

purpose of bones?

• supports body structures

• protects vital instruments

• an attachment for muscles

name for bone cells?

osteocytes

where are osteocytes located?

spaces called lacunae

where can osteocytes be founded?

osteonic canals

other name for osteonic canals

haversian canals

what an osteon?

a cylinder shaped unit consisting of the osteonic canal and osetocytes

what’s a canaliculi?

cellular processes that connect nearby cells (gap junctions)

what’s the blood designed to do?

designed to transport substances and maintaining stable environment (homeostasis)

what is blood formed of?

the tissue is composed of formed elements suspended in a fluid matrix

what do red blood cells do?

transport gases

what do white blood cells do?

fight infection

what do platelets do?

blood clotting

what’s the blood fluid matrix known as?

plasma

where do most blood cells form?

commonly form in red marrow within the hollow parts of certain bones