Nervous System Anatomy

how many neurons does the brain have

81 billion

within each of the 86 billion neurons in the brain - how many connections are there

30k with other neurons

what is a nuclei

group of neurons

what is a tract or nerve

bunch of axons

where is a nuclei

group of neurons in the CNS

where is a track/nerve

a group of axons in the CNS

what is rostral

nostrial - towards the nose

what is caudal

cat tail - towards the tail

what is rostral to ?

caudual

what is rostral to caudal simlar to

anterior to posterior

what is anteiror

ahead - front

what is posterior

butt - behind

what is dorsal

towards the back

what is ventral

towards the belly - v-line

what is dorsal to

ventralw

what is dorsal to ventral like

superior to inferior

what is dorsal to ventral

back to front

what is suprior

above

what is infieior

below

what does medial mean

towards the middle

what does lateral mean

towards the side

medial is to

lateral

ipsilateral

same side

contrallateral

opposite sides

proximal

close

distal

far apart

afferent

arriving to the CNS

efferent

exiting the CNS

afferent and efferent location main is

CNS

what is Nomenclature

naming

what do brain parts have two of

functional name and structural name

what is functional

does

what is structural

anatomy

where do name org from

latin and greek

the nervous system can be divided by (like name of body parts)

functional and structure

the nervous system has 2

CNS and PNS

CNS is made of

brain and spinal cord

PNS is made of

somatic and automatic

somatic

interacts with the outside world

automatic is

sym and parasym

sym is

fight or flight

parasym is

rest and digest - calm

the brain and spinal cord have

bone protection

brain protection

skull

spinal cord protection

vertebel columns

under the skull u have __ covered - all together called?

3 & meninges

what is meninges made of

dura mater, arach mater, and pia mater

what is dura mater

tough outer layer - covers

what is arach mater

middle layer - web - holds in and out

what is pia mater

tough inner layer - touch brain

what kinda of protection is the blood brain barrier

chemical protection

what does the blood brain barrier do

controls in and out of brain

where is the blood brain barrier from

blood

what creates/holds the blood brain barrier

astroglia cells - hold together cells of blood vessels

what does the brain get alot of

BLOOD

where is blood given to the brain from

arteries (oxygen)

if there is damage to one blood in the brain then

quick repair bc theres alot

what do arteries have that give blood to other places

more smaller arteries

what causes a stroke

interruption of blood supplies

what does a blood vessel do when a stroke happens

burst or blocks

what does aftermath of a stroke help with finding

location of brain damage/blood vessel

the nervous system is made up of 2 things

neurons and glia cells

what does the brain start as

neuro stem cells

what are neuro stem cells

blank cells w/o a job

these neuro stem cells divide into

neuroblast cells and glioblast cells

neuroblast turns into

neurons

glioblast turns into

glia

neuro stem cells in ADULTS go to which areas

brains subventricular zone (CSF), other brain, spine, retina

what are the 3 main types of neurons

sensory, interneuron, motor

what do sensory neurons do

info from envir

what are sensory neurons - and strcuture

bipolar with one dendrite & one axon

somatosensory neurons have one what

projection - from soma

interneurons are what

sensory to motor

where are interneuron ?

CNS ONLY

what do interneurons have extended of

dendrites for info

motor neuron are

muscle movement

where are motor neurons

spine and brainstem

brainstem controls?

face

spine controls?

muscle

what 3 matters are there

grey, reticular, white

what is grey matter made of

cell bodies and capillaries? - to give blood

where is grey matter found?

outside the cortex (brain)

what is white matter made of

mylein axon

where is white matter?

under the cortex (brain)

what is reticular matter

grey and white matter (look like web)

where is reticular matter

brainstem

ependymal cells help to produce

CSF

astrocytes help neuron get and in

nutriets and support

microglial are for

sweep dead

oligo cells help to

mylein in CNS

shawwn cells helps to

myelin in PNS

the CNS begins to form even when were tiny little

baby

as an embro we have our CNS starting to form into #_ bubbles called the

3 - embroyic spinal cord

the 3 primary thingies in embro spinal cord are

1. procephalon

2. mesencephalon

3. rhombecephalon

what does the procephalon turn into (2)

1. telecephalon - cortex

2. diecephalon - hypth & thal

what does the mesencephalon turn into

midbrain

what does the rhomephalon turn into (2)

1. meta cephalon - pons & cerebellum

2. my cephalon - medulla

what can rhopehlaon also be called

hindbrain

layers are also called

nuclei

a layer/nuclei is a bunch of (where?)

cell bodies in the CNS