Object Oriented Programming Term 2 Final

inheritance

allows new classes to be created based on existing classes, thus inheriting their properties and behaviour

superclass

class that can be extended to create a subclass; should not access the extra attributes and behaviours of a subclasssubclass

subclass

a class that extends a superclass and inherits its attributes and behaviours

pros of inheritance

code reusability, code maintenance, modularity (promotes breaking down code into smaller, specialized components)

cons of inheritance

tight coupling (difficult to modify base class without affecting derived class), fragile base class

conditional statement

a statement that only executes when a condition is true

while loop

executes a block of code repeatedly as long as a condition is true

iteration statement

statement that repeatedly executes a block of code

code for conditional statements

if (condition) {

code();

}

else {

code();

}

pros of OOP

• modularity → makes code easier to modify and maintain

• encapsulation → code doesn’t get modified accidentally

• inheritance → reduces development time and increases quality of code

cons of OOP

• not suitable for smaller projects

• makes programs larger and slower

• takes more time and effort

stack memory

holds variables and references to objects

heap memory

only holds objects

primitive data type

• double: decimal value

• int: whole numbers

• boolean: true or false

reference data type

• string

• objects

declaration of a variable

giving a name and data type to a variable

initialization of a variable

giving a starting value to a variable using the assignment operator (=)

literal

a source code representation of a value f.e. binary representation

access modifier

used to set the visibility of classes, variables, constructors, and methods

instance variables

variables defined in a class where each variable represents an attribute of an object

precondition

a condition that must always be true before the execution of a code segment

postcondition

a condition that must always be true after the execution of a code segment

java.io package

contains classes for input and output

file class

used to read text files

hasNext()

returns true if there is another input

hasNextLine()

returns true if there is another line of input

hasNextInt()

returns true if there is another integer

for loop

a loop that repeats a code segment a given number of times

for loop code

for (int number = 0; number < 5; number++)

enhanced for loop

a for loop for traversing an array

enhanced for loop traversing code code

for (int number = 0; number < nums.length; number++)

enhanced for loop initialization code

int[] nums = {1, 2, 3, 4};

for ( int num : nums){

…}

1d array

a linear structure that holds one or more values of the same data type

element

an item stored in an array

off by one error

occurs when one tries to access an index value that is greater than the length of the array

polymorphism

the ability of an object to perform an action in different ways

initializing an array

DataType[] name = new DataType[length];

                                   int[] scores = new int[5];